Roles of Cytokines in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract
The neuroimmune system is a collection of immune cells, cytokines, and the glymphatic system that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Of particular focus are cytokines, a group of immune signaling molecules that facilitate communication among immune cells and contribute to inflammation in AD. Extensive research has shown that the dysregulated secretion of certain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α) promotes neuroinflammation and exacerbates neuronal damage in AD. However, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-33, and IL-35) are also secreted during AD onset and progression, thereby preventing neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD pathology and discusses their therapeutic potential.
Funding Information
  • Research Grants Council (11102218, 11200422, RFS2223-1S02, C1134-20G, 7005433, 7005626, 9609307, 9610560, 9610616, 32370959, 2021A1515010569, 2022A1515012450, 11.21.4621.AC.162846.00.00)
  • City University of Hong Kong (11102218, 11200422, RFS2223-1S02, C1134-20G, 7005433, 7005626, 9609307, 9610560, 9610616, 32370959, 2021A1515010569, 2022A1515012450, 11.21.4621.AC.162846.00.00)
  • Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre (11102218, 11200422, RFS2223-1S02, C1134-20G, 7005433, 7005626, 9609307, 9610560, 9610616, 32370959, 2021A1515010569, 2022A1515012450, 11.21.4621.AC.162846.00.00)
  • Hong Kong Centre for Cerebrocardiovascular Health Engineering (11102218, 11200422, RFS2223-1S02, C1134-20G, 7005433, 7005626, 9609307, 9610560, 9610616, 32370959, 2021A1515010569, 2022A1515012450, 11.21.4621.AC.162846.00.00)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (11102218, 11200422, RFS2223-1S02, C1134-20G, 7005433, 7005626, 9609307, 9610560, 9610616, 32370959, 2021A1515010569, 2022A1515012450, 11.21.4621.AC.162846.00.00)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (11102218, 11200422, RFS2223-1S02, C1134-20G, 7005433, 7005626, 9609307, 9610560, 9610616, 32370959, 2021A1515010569, 2022A1515012450, 11.21.4621.AC.162846.00.00)
  • Hong Kong Baptist University (11102218, 11200422, RFS2223-1S02, C1134-20G, 7005433, 7005626, 9609307, 9610560, 9610616, 32370959, 2021A1515010569, 2022A1515012450, 11.21.4621.AC.162846.00.00)

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