Pd based on 2‐Aminopyrimidine and 1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐amine functionalizedFe3O4 nanoparticles as novel recyclable magnetic nanocatalysts for Ullmann coupling reaction

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Abstract
In this study, Pd based on 2‐Aminopyrimidine and 1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐amine functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles [(Pd‐APM‐PSi‐Fe3O4) and (Pd‐BIA‐PSi‐Fe3O4)] was designed and used for the synthesis of di aryl ether by Ulmann cross‐coupling reactions. Ulmann reaction performed with mixing of the arylhalides and phenol derivatives in DMF solvent. The prepared catalysts were characterized with various analytical techniques such as FT‐IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP and VSM. Pd‐APM‐PSi‐Fe3O4 and Pd‐BIA‐PSi‐Fe3O4 catalysts demonstrated good to excellent yields catalytic efficiency for Ulmann reactions in comparison with to commercial palladium catalysts. The catalyst is easily recycled and reused without loss of the catalytic activity. The combined merits of reusable catalyst conditions make the condensation with safe operation, no leaching of pd into environment, low pollution, rapid access to products and simple workup. Also, these novel magnetic nanocatalysts are superior to the industry standard Pd in every relevant aspect. They feature a way higher initial activity, a much more convenient separation, better recycling, and less contamination of the products. Last but not least, they can be very easily prepared from commercially available Fe3O4 nanoparticles using standard laboratory equipment.

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