Comparison of quantum-walk implementations on noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers

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Abstract
This paper explores two circuit approaches for quantum walks: The first consists of generalized controlled inversions, whereas the second one effectively replaces them with rotation operations around the basis states. We show the theoretical foundation of the rotational implementation. The rotational approach nullifies the large amount of ancilla qubits required to carry out the computation when using the inverter implementation. Our results concentrate around the comparison of the two architectures in terms of structure, benefits, and detriments, as well as the computational resources needed for each approach. We show that the inverter approach requires exponentially fewer gates than the rotations but almost half the number of qubits in the system. Finally, we execute a number of experiments using an IBM quantum computer. The experiments show the effects of noise in our circuits. Small two-qubit quantum walks evolve closer to our expectations, whereas for a larger number of steps or state space the evolution is severely affected by noise.
Funding Information
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/L015358/1)

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