Vibration Control of Semiactive Electromagnetic Suspension Under Missing State Information

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Abstract
Suspension performance control typically requires multiple system state inputs; however, many of these variables are difficult or impractical to measure directly. This article proposes a semiactive suspension control strategy designed for scenarios with missing state information, enabling effective control using only a single accelerometer input. To estimate suspension displacement and velocity, this article proposes an improved self-sensing approach for electromagnetic suspension systems. Suspension displacement is determined by integrating three-phase voltage signals generated by the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with magnetic ring trigger signals embedded within the shock absorber. Suspension velocity is estimated using a fusion method that combines current-based and voltage-based approaches, leveraging rectified voltage and current measurements from the PMSM to improve robustness and accuracy. In addition, a reduced-order observer is designed to estimate vehicle body velocity using only the vertical acceleration signal. These estimated states, including suspension displacement, suspension velocity, and body velocity, are incorporated into a sliding mode control framework. The proposed method is validated through hardware-in-the-loop experiments, including both random excitation and bump tests. Results demonstrate that accurate state estimation and reliable control performance can be achieved using only a single accelerometer, even under sensor-constrained and load-varying conditions. Compared to passive suspension, the proposed control strategy significantly reduces body acceleration, suspension displacement, and tire dynamic load, thereby improving both ride comfort and vehicle handling.
Funding Information
  • Major science and technology projects of Hunan Province (2023GK1030)

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