Identity and motivation of adolescent student-athletes in school and elite sport: an investigation of the relationship within- and cross-domains

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Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have highlighted the effects of motivation and identity on dual careers (DC) separately.Methods: The present study investigated the mutual relationship among 495 student-athletes (mean age = 17.0, males = 56.6%) in upper secondary school. The Student Identity Measurement Scale (SIMS), Academic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), and Student-Athletes’ Academic and Athletic Motivation Scale (SAAMS) were used in a cross-sectional design.Results: Findings revealed that student-athletes expressed higher identity than motivation within each domain. Athletic identification and motivation were stronger than those for academics. Correlation models revealed strong relations between identity and motivation within a domain, but not across domains. Gender differences emerged, with female student-athletes reporting higher academic identity and motivation compared to males.Discussion: The study supports the notion that balancing both academia and sports is vital to prevent identity foreclosure and enhance a successful DC. Additionally, the need for individualised support and talent identification strategies for student-athletes is emphasised.

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