Recent advances in metal–organic framework-based inorganic composite electrodes for capacitors: a comprehensive review

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Abstract
The increasing global demand for efficient energy storage solutions has intensified research on advanced materials for supercapacitors (SCs). Among the various electrode materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention owing to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and diverse structural properties, making them promising candidates for next-generation SCs. However, their inherently low electrical conductivity and limited electrochemical stability hinder their direct application in energy storage devices. To address these challenges, extensive efforts have been made to develop MOF-based composites, including metallic MOF composites, graphene–MOF hybrids, and MXene–MOF structures, which leverage the synergistic effects of MOFs and conductive materials to enhance charge transport, capacitance, and cycling stability. Additionally, MOF-derived porous materials such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal phosphides, and carbon-based structures have emerged as effective solutions for overcoming the conductivity limitations of pristine MOFs while maintaining their structural benefits. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent advancements in MOF-based electrodes and their composites for SC applications. We discuss their synthesis strategies, structural modifications, and electrochemical properties, highlighting the key research findings on high-performance MOF composites. Furthermore, this review explores the challenges associated with MOF-based energy storage materials and presents future research directions for scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable MOF-based SCs. Graphical abstract
Funding Information
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF- 2022R1F1A1068443)

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