Targeted NGS panels in cancer: international standards and Russian solutions for personalized medicine

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Abstract
A personalized approach is a priority in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Accurate diagnostic tests for assessing the tumor’s molecular characteristics and optimizing the treatment strategy are essential for effective personalized treatment. Multigene NGS panels simultaneously detect a variety of genetic disorders, including single nucleotide substitutions, insertions and deletions, DNA copy number variations, translocations, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden. This is crucial for selecting targeted therapy and immunotherapy, assessing prognosis, and monitoring the progression of cancer. This review discusses the evolution of precision oncology in the 21st century, the possibilities and advantages of NGS in molecular oncology, the technical and analytical characteristics of various multigene NGS panels with both amplification-based and hybridization-based enrichment, and their clinical applications in molecular diagnostics. The review focuses specifically on existing Russian and international NGS technologies. It examines available Russian and international multigene NGS panels, including problems of their application in routine cancer care in Russia.

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