Strategies for improving the cyclability and thermo-stability of LiMn 2 O 4 -based batteries at elevated temperatures

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Abstract
Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) is one of the most suitable cathode materials for widespread large-scale applications of lithium ion batteries due to its advantages of high thermal stability, guaranteed safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, relatively good power density and acceptable energy density. However, LiMn2O4-based batteries with LiPF6-based carbonate electrolytes always suffer from severe capacity deterioration and poor thermostability, especially at elevated temperatures. Hence, it is necessary to systematically and comprehensively summarize the progress in understanding and modifying LiMn2O4-based batteries from various aspects. In this review, different reported possible fading mechanisms of LiMn2O4-based batteries are first discussed in detail. Then, the various proposed strategies to improve the cyclability and thermostability of LiMn2O4-based batteries at elevated temperatures, including electrolyte optimization, element doping, surface coating, development of functional separators/gel electrolytes and binders, control of special morphologies etc., are covered. Finally, several perspectives are summarized based on the elaborated progress and our own experimental evaluations, aiming to provide some possible attractive strategies and research directions for future upgrading of LiMn2O4-based batteries with improved high temperature performances.

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