Associations of blood donor and product characteristics with platelet transfusion outcomes

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Abstract
To understand the impact of blood donor and product characteristics on platelet transfusion outcomes, we linked these variables with recipients of single-unit apheresis-derived platelet products between 1 June 2020 and 31 March 2022. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between donor and product characteristics on posttransfusion platelet counts and 24-hour red blood cell (RBC) transfusion events in 2808 transfusion recipients who received ≥1 platelet transfusions (N = 8207 units). Posttransfusion platelet increments >20 × 109/L and RBC transfusion within 24 hours occurred after 24.9% and 37.7% of platelet transfusion events, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, donor variables, including increasing body mass index (BMI), platelet unit concentration, and elevated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid antibody levels, were associated with increased odds of recipient platelet increments of >20 × 109/L; whereas pathogen reduction, storage in platelet additive solution (PAS), platelet splits, and platelet storage between 5 and 7 days were associated with reduced odds. In parallel, increasing donor BMI and elevated SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody levels were associated with lower odds of 24-hour RBC transfusion events. In contrast, pathogen reduction and irradiation were associated with increased odds of RBC transfusion, whereas longer storage, storage in PAS, and platelet unit concentration and splits were not associated with changes in RBC transfusion events. In conclusion, blood donor and product characteristics are predictors of changes in platelet counts and RBC requirements after platelet transfusion. Future studies examining the impact of blood donor and product characteristics on platelet function could be used to optimize platelet transfusion practice.

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