Six-mode SDM transmission over 960 km with a reach extension of five times enabled by a 6M-EDFA

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Abstract
For the first time, to our knowledge, we demonstrate a six-mode transmission over a 960-km fiber link using in-line integrated amplification provided by a six-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (6M-EDFA) for a 28-GBaud dual-polarization QPSK signal. This transmission distance is five times longer than that of previously reported works. The integrated 6M-EDFA enabling this long-haul transmission exhibits modal gains of >17.6 dB, while the gains increase to 25 dB with an input power of −25 dBm. Importantly, a Gaussian-like erbium doping profile has been proposed to optimize the differential modal gain to 1.15 dB, ensuring a more uniform signal-to-noise ratio between spatial modes after long-haul transmission.
Funding Information
  • Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province (2025YFHZ0020)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62405217)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality (23JCQNJC01580)

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