Squeezing-enhanced phase measurement with ternary-binning post-processing

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Abstract
Quantum metrology can beat the shot-noise limit (SNL) with nonclassical resources, yet simultaneously realizing sub-Rayleigh resolution and sub-SNL sensitivity in a deployable interferometer remains challenging. Here we experimentally validate a deterministic phase-measurement protocol that combines single-port balanced homodyne detection in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with ternary-binning post-processing. For a coherent probe with a mean photon number of about 67, ternary binning preserves sub-Rayleigh resolution while mitigating the near-zero-phase ill-conditioning of binary-binning readout, yielding a 7.15-fold resolution enhancement relative to the unprocessed interferometer. With 5.99 ± 0.13 dB squeezed-state injection into the vacuum port, the resolution enhancement increases to 13.69-fold, and sub-SNL sensitivity is achieved; the minimum sensitivity improves by a factor of 1.78 compared with the coherent probe. The protocol is deterministic and experimentally accessible, offering a practical route to multiparameter estimation and quantum-enhanced microscopy.
Funding Information
  • Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2021YFC2201802)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (U25A6008)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62575161)
  • Central Government Guides Local Funds for Science and Technology Development (YDZJSX20231A001)

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