Prognostic Importance of Vascular Invasion in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Authors:
  • RTR. Michael Tuttle
    R. Michael Tuttle
  • KBKenneth D. Burman
    Kenneth D. Burman
  • SHShinin Haddady
    Shinin Haddady
  • CTCynthia Truman
    Cynthia Truman
  • YSYvonne H. Sparling
    Yvonne H. Sparling
  • LWLeonard Wartofsky
    Leonard Wartofsky
  • RSRoy B. Sessions
    Roy B. Sessions
  • MRMatthew D. Ringel
    Matthew D. Ringel
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Abstract
APPROXIMATELY 75% of thyroid cancers in the United States are papillary carcinomas. Its peak incidence is in the fourth and fifth decades of life with a female preponderance. This multicentric disease is seen with bilateral foci in 20% to 30% of the cases. With appropriate therapy, 10-year survival rates exceed 90%. Several factors have been determined which identify tumors with more aggressive clinical behaviors. These factors, as noted by Mazzaferi and Jhiang,1 include male sex, older age at diagnosis, larger tumor size, capsular invasion, and regional and distant metastasis at diagnosis.2-17 In one study, distant metastasis reduced 10-year survival to 31%.2

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