Study on Radio Wave Coverage in Multitunnel Environment for Reliability Enhancement of Railway Vehicular Communication

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Abstract
Reliable wireless communication is crucial for the safe operation of high‐speed trains, which is based on stable radio wave coverage in complex environments. The space along the railway can be categorized into three types: open space, confined space, and open‐confined mixed space. Predicting radio wave coverage in these environments is essential for designing reliable wireless communication systems for vehicles. This study focuses on the multitunnel connection environment along the railway, which falls into the category of open‐confined mixed space. Unlike conventional tunnel or open‐space environments, the propagation characteristics in such scenarios are more complex and influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate the radio wave propagation characteristics in a multitunnel connection environment along a railway. By employing the parallel finite difference time domain (FDTD) technology, the influences of important factors such as antenna position, tunnel cross‐sectional shape, beam angle, and open‐space distance on radio wave coverage are analyzed, and the underlying mechanism is revealed. Simulation results show that the radio wave coverage is highly sensitive to the beam angle of the transmitting antenna, and the variation law of radio wave coverage with beam angle is related to the position of the transmitting antenna and tunnel cross‐sectional shape. Furthermore, the impact of trains on link reliability is quantitatively studied. These studies can provide concrete guidelines for antenna deployment optimization in railway vehicular communication systems.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62031004)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62221001)

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