We present Aeolus 2.0, an open-source numerical atmospheric model of intermediate complexity. This iteration features a self-contained dynamical core based on a multi-layer pseudo-spectral moist-convective Thermal Rotating Shallow Water (mcTRSW) model, employing the Dedalus algorithm with spin-weighted spherical harmonics for efficient problem-solving. Aeolus 2.0 simulates the temporal and spatial evolution of vertically integrated potential temperature, thickness, water vapor, precipitation, velocity fields, and bottom topography effects, across a range of resolutions from smooth to coarse.In this study, we demonstrate the dynamical core and applicability of Aeolus 2.0, particularly its bulk aerodynamic and moist-convective schemes, in assessing the impacts of increased radiative forcing on zonal winds and extreme heatwaves. Additionally, by applying the same dynamical core to the equatorial region, we refine the theory of equatorial dipolar excited systems, offering insights into the formation of MJO-like structures.Specifically, we show that an eastward-propagating MJO-like structure can emerge spontaneously through the nonlinear relaxation of a large-scale buoyancy anomaly—either positive, negative, or a combination of both. This process is triggered when the anomaly reaches a critical threshold in the presence of moist convection near the Equator. The resulting MJO-like episode manifests as a convectively coupled dipolar system, featuring an enhanced vortex pair that induces counter-rotating anticyclones, accompanied by weaker opposite-sign counterparts in the upper layer. This system interacts with a convectively coupled baroclinic Kelvin wave (BKW), which propagates at a higher phase speed than the dipolar system and operates on an intraseasonal timescale.References[1] Rostami, M., Petri, S., Fallah, B., Fazel-Rastgar, F., 2025. Aeolus 2.0's thermal rotating shallow water model: A new paradigm for simulating extreme heatwaves, westerly jet intensification, and more. Physics of Fluids 37 (1), 016604. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244908.[2] Rostami, M., Petri, S., Fallah, B., & Fazel-Rastgar, F., 2025. A novel sea surface evaporation scheme assessed by the thermal rotating shallow water model. Atmospheric Science Letters. 26(1), e1287. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1287.[3] Rostami, M., Zhao, B., Petri, S., 2022. On the genesis and dynamics of Madden-Julian oscillation-like structure formed by equatorial adjustment of localized heating. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 148(749), 3788– 3813, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4388.