Pilot Monitoring of Antimicrobial Residues in Chicken and Porkin Vietnam

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Abstract
Antibiotic residues in consumer foods pose a threat to human health and contribute to increasing antimicrobial resistance. The study was conducted from January to July 2019 in six provinces in Viet Nam. In total, 360 pork samples and 360 chicken meat samples were collected for analysis. The samples were first screened with an ELISA test kit for residues in the beta-lactam, tetracycline and sulfonamide groups. All positive and suspected positive samples were confirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to determine the concentration of ampicillin, amoxicillin, sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline residues. The final confirmed result showed that 13 (3.6%); 99 (27.5%) and 16 (4.4%) chicken samples and 13 (3.6%); 29 (8.1%) and 29 (8.1%) of pork samples were positive or suspected positive with β-lactam; tetracycline and sulfonamide residues respectively. The LC/MS/MS method detected amoxicillin (8.1 - 151.6 ng/g), ampicillin residues (1.9 – 7.5 ng/g), doxycycline (1.1 – 491.1 ng/g), oxytetracycline (1.1 – 12.9 ng/g), sulfaquinoxaline (1.1 – 7.3 ng/g) and sulfamethazine (1.0 – 1556.5 ng/g) in positive or suspected positive pork and chicken meat samples. Tetracycline (18%) was the most frequently found residue followed by sulfonamide(6%). Proportion of chicken samples with residue level higher than MRL (3%) and level of tetracycline residue were significantly higher than pork (1%). Significantly higher proportion of samples with residue level higher than MRL (4%) and the highest level of tetracycline residue were observed in the North. This data can help to motivate decision making towards lowering the use of antimicrobials in livestock and antibiotic residue in livestock products.

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