Intrauterine Hematoma in the First Trimester and Pregnancy Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Abstract
Background: Studies evaluating the relationship between intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester and prenatal complications are conflicting. Objectives: To evaluate whether intrauterine hematoma identified in the first trimester in women with singleton pregnancies is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Search Strategy: A comprehensive literature search of three databases (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) was performed up to September 2021. Selection Criteria: Cohort and case-control studies that have evaluated the relationship between intrauterine hematoma identified before 14 gestational weeks and the risk of prenatal complications, in women with a singleton pregnancy. Data Collection and Analysis: Two members of our team independently assessed the studies for inclusion, collected the data of interest, and assessed the risk of bias, and calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models. Main Results: Nine studies, including 1,132 women with intrauterine hematoma and 11,179 controls met the inclusion criteria. Intrauterine hematoma increased the risk of spontaneous abortion [OR 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–3.75], preterm birth (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.37–2.43), fetal growth restriction (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.13–4.83) and placental abruption (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.23–8.13). No statistically significant association was found between intrauterine hematoma and preeclampsia (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.87–1.94). Conclusion: Intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.

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