Design and Experimental Comparison of Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Buses Based on Test-Bench Simulation

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Abstract
Energy management in hybrid and electric vehicles is a key factor to improve the operational performance and meet the efficiency objectives defined in the transport sector. Thus, optimized energy management strategies (EMS), before being integrated in a real system, need to be experimentally validated in test-bench platforms in order to identify the possible deviations from the expected simulation-based performance. This way, minimizing the time needed for implementation and field-test on the real application. An economical and flexible mean of validating these strategies is the Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. Therefore, this work aims to present the design approach and comparison, by means of experimental tests, of two optimized (simulation-based) EMSs proposed for a hybrid electric bus (HEB) focusing on the real-time operational performance. Both EMSs handle the proper power split behaviour of the vehicle demand among a genset (internal combustion engine + electric generator) and a hybrid energy storage system (combining Li-ion batteries with super-capacitors). The experimental platform consists in a scaled test-bench emulating the electrical DC grid of a HEB. This test-bench, combined with software models to control the power electronic devices, allows to emulate the real behaviour of the genset, battery, super-capacitor, traction and auxiliary loads.

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