Two Tribes: Affective Polarization and Brexit Identities

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Abstract
This chapter examines three core consequences of tribal politics, using Brexit identities as a case study. First, we explore ingroup affect, showing that individuals consistently felt more emotionally attached to their Brexit identity than to their party identity in the years following the referendum. Second, we highlight outgroup animosity and prejudice, a key feature of tribal divisions, where people not only dislike those on the opposing side, but also view them as less intelligent, open-minded, and honest. These emotional attachments and hostilities constitute a form of affective polarization. Evidence shows that Leavers and Remainers express high levels of prejudice against each other, reinforcing identity-based divisions. Third, we examine discrimination as a behavioural outcome of tribal politics. Through experimental evidence, we demonstrate that people are less willing to engage with, or accommodate, those from the opposing Brexit group, even in non-political settings. Our findings reveal how Brexit identities not only shaped political opinion but also influenced interpersonal relations and social cohesion.

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