Integrated Sensing and Covert Communications: A Robust Design Against Mobile Surveillance

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Abstract
This paper investigates a two-stage covert enhancement beamforming design based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to combat the mobile eavesdropper (Willie) in the integrated sensing and covert communications. The proposed scheme employs artificial noise (AN) to interfere with and track Willie, while the beamwidth of AN is controlled by the number of antennas. In the initial stage, due to the lack of prior information, the EKF suffers from large prediction errors, preventing the jamming beam from fully aligning with Willie. Thus, a wide AN beam is adopted to guarantee the jamming effect on Willie. In the second stage, as the prediction error of the EKF converges after iterative updates, the scheme switches to a narrow AN beam to track Willie effectively. Considering the imperfect channel state information of the covert user, we jointly optimize the time allocation and transmit beamforming for the two stages, aiming to minimize transmission energy, and propose the joint wide and narrow beam optimization algorithm to address the non-convex problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme reduces the transmission energy by approximately 23% compared with the benchmark schemes.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62271368)
  • Shaanxi High-Level Talents Special Support Program
  • Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi (2024RS-CXTD01)
  • Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

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