Amelioration of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac and Renal Toxicity by Oxycarotenoid Lutein and Its Mechanism of Action

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Abstract
Objective of the study is to determine the effect of oxycarotenoid lutein it reduces the cardiac and renal toxicity in rats induced by Doxorubicin. Oral administration of lutein in rats was started 15 days prior to doxorubicin (30 mg/kg b.wt, i.p, single dose) injection. Animals in all groups were sacrificed after 24 hours of doxorubicin administration. Serum markers of cardiac injury lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) , which were increased drastically by doxorubicin treatment, were decreased by lutein treatment (P<0.001). Elevated serum urea and creatinine in the DXR-treated rats was reduced by lutein treatment (P<0.001). Lutein increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as glutathione (GSH) levels in cardiac and renal tissues of DXR treated rats. Pretreatment of lutein reduced DXR-induced rise of oxidative stress markers lipid peroxidation (LPO), tissue hydroperoxides (HP) and conjugated dienes (CD) in cardiac and renal tissue. These findings were supported by ECG measurements and histopathological analysis. Results confirmed the protection of lutein against cardiac and renal toxicity induced by Doxorubicin in rats.