Michael A. Nauck
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Michael A. Nauck has a total of 77 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
Juris J. Meier
Department of Diabetology and Gastrointestinal Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik 1, St. Josef-Hospital, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
5 shared publicationsIrfan Vardarli
Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg, Bad Lauterberg im Harz, Germany
2 shared publicationsJuris J Meier
Division of Diabetology and Gastrointestinal Endocrinology, St Josef-Hospital, University Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
2 shared publications- Juris Jendrik Meier
Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology Augusta Clinic Bochum Germany
2 shared publications - Stefano Del Prato
Interdisciplinary Research Center ‘Health Science’, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
2 shared publications A. B. Thomsen
Novo Nordisk Søborg Denmark
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 1 December 2015
- Published by Springer Nature in Critical Care
- Vol. 19 (1) , 20
Effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide on gastric emptying, glycaemia and insulinaemia during critical illness: a prospective, double blind, randomised, crossover study
Insulin is used to treat hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients but can cause hypoglycaemia, which is associated with poorer outcomes. In health glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a potent glucose-lowering peptide that does not cause hypoglycaemia. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of exogenous GIP infusion on blood glucose concentrations, glucose absorption, insulinaemia and gastric emptying in critically ill patients without known diabetes. A total of 20 ventilated patients (Median age 61 (range: 22 to 79) years, APACHE II 21.5 (17 to 26), BMI 28 (21 to 40) kg/m2) without known diabetes were studied on two consecutive days in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over fashion. Intravenous GIP (4 pmol/kg/min) or placebo (0.9% saline) was infused between T = −60 to 300 minutes. At T0, 100 ml of liquid nutrient (2 kcal/ml) containing 3-O-Methylglucose (3-OMG), 100 mcg of Octanoic acid and 20 MBq Tc-99 m Calcium Phytate, was administered via a nasogastric tube. Blood glucose and serum 3-OMG (an index of glucose absorption) concentrations were measured. Gastric emptying, insulin and glucagon levels and plasma GIP concentrations were also measured. While administration of GIP increased plasma GIP concentrations three- to four-fold (T = −60 23.9 (16.5 to 36.7) versus T = 0 84.2 (65.3 to 111.1); P <0.001) and plasma glucagon (iAUC300 4217 (1891 to 7715) versus 1232 (293 to 4545) pg/ml.300 minutes; P = 0.04), there were no effects on postprandial blood glucose (AUC300 2843 (2568 to 3338) versus 2819 (2550 to 3497) mmol/L.300 minutes; P = 0.86), gastric emptying (AUC300 15611 (10993 to 18062) versus 15660 (9694 to 22618) %.300 minutes; P = 0.61), glucose absorption (AUC300 50.6 (22.3 to 74.2) versus 64.3 (9.9 to 96.3) mmol/L.300 minutes; P = 0.62) or plasma insulin (AUC300 3945 (2280 to 6731) versus 3479 (2316 to 6081) mU/L.300 minutes; P = 0.76). In contrast to its profound insulinotropic effect in health, the administration of GIP at pharmacological doses does not appear to affect glycaemia, gastric emptying, glucose absorption or insulinaemia in the critically ill patient. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000488808 . Registered 3 May 2012.
- 1 December 2015
- Published by Springer Nature in Critical Care
- Vol. 19 (1) , 20
Open AccessEffects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide on gastric emptying, glycaemia and insulinaemia during critical illness: a prospective, double blind, randomised, crossover study
Insulin is used to treat hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients but can cause hypoglycaemia, which is associated with poorer outcomes. In health glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a potent glucose-lowering peptide that does not cause hypoglycaemia. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of exogenous GIP infusion on blood glucose concentrations, glucose absorption, insulinaemia and gastric emptying in critically ill patients without known diabetes. A total of 20 ventilated patients (Median age 61 (range: 22 to 79) years, APACHE II 21.5 (17 to 26), BMI 28 (21 to 40) kg/m2) without known diabetes were studied on two consecutive days in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over fashion. Intravenous GIP (4 pmol/kg/min) or placebo (0.9% saline) was infused between T = −60 to 300 minutes. At T0, 100 ml of liquid nutrient (2 kcal/ml) containing 3-O-Methylglucose (3-OMG), 100 mcg of Octanoic acid and 20 MBq Tc-99 m Calcium Phytate, was administered via a nasogastric tube. Blood glucose and serum 3-OMG (an index of glucose absorption) concentrations were measured. Gastric emptying, insulin and glucagon levels and plasma GIP concentrations were also measured. While administration of GIP increased plasma GIP concentrations three- to four-fold (T = −60 23.9 (16.5 to 36.7) versus T = 0 84.2 (65.3 to 111.1); P <0.001) and plasma glucagon (iAUC300 4217 (1891 to 7715) versus 1232 (293 to 4545) pg/ml.300 minutes; P = 0.04), there were no effects on postprandial blood glucose (AUC300 2843 (2568 to 3338) versus 2819 (2550 to 3497) mmol/L.300 minutes; P = 0.86), gastric emptying (AUC300 15611 (10993 to 18062) versus 15660 (9694 to 22618) %.300 minutes; P = 0.61), glucose absorption (AUC300 50.6 (22.3 to 74.2) versus 64.3 (9.9 to 96.3) mmol/L.300 minutes; P = 0.62) or plasma insulin (AUC300 3945 (2280 to 6731) versus 3479 (2316 to 6081) mU/L.300 minutes; P = 0.76). In contrast to its profound insulinotropic effect in health, the administration of GIP at pharmacological doses does not appear to affect glycaemia, gastric emptying, glucose absorption or insulinaemia in the critically ill patient. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000488808 . Registered 3 May 2012.
- Open Access
- 23 February 2015
- Published by Wiley in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Vol. 17 (5) , 477-486
LEADER 2: baseline calcitonin in 9340 people with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the L iraglutide E ffect and A ction in D iabetes: E valuation of cardiovascular outcome R esults ( LEADER ) trial: preliminary observations
Aims: To report preliminary data on baseline serum calcitonin concentrations and associated clinical characteristics in a global population with type 2 diabetes before liraglutide or placebo randomization. Methods: The ongoing LEADER trial has enrolled 9340 people with type 2 diabetes and at high risk of cardiovascular disease at 410 centres worldwide. People with baseline serum calcitonin ≤50 ng/l were randomized to liraglutide once daily or placebo and will be followed for up to 5 years. Serum calcitonin was measured at baseline and will be measured annually thereafter. An independent committee of thyroid experts will oversee calcitonin monitoring throughout the trial and will review all calcitonin concentrations ≥20 ng/l. Results: The mean age of participants was 64.3 ± 7.2 years, 64.3% were men, and mean the body mass index was 32.5 ± 6.3 kg/m 2 . The median (interquartile range) baseline serum calcitonin values were 3.9 (1.0 to >7.6) ng/l in men and 1.0 (1.0 to >1) ng/l in women. Serum calcitonin was >10 ng/l in 14.6% of men and in 0.96% of women. In sex‐specific multivariable linear analysis of covariance models, a reduced glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) was associated with higher serum calcitonin concentrations that were statistically significant. A 20 ml/min/1.73 m 2 decrease in estimated GFR ( eGFR ) was associated with a 14% increase in serum calcitonin in women and an 11% increase in men. Conclusions: In the LEADER population, the prevalence of elevated serum calcitonin concentrations at baseline was high, and there was an inverse association between eGFR and serum calcitonin concentrations.
- 23 February 2015
- Published by Wiley in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Vol. 17 (5) , 477-486
Open AccessLEADER 2: baseline calcitonin in 9340 people with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the L iraglutide E ffect and A ction in D iabetes: E valuation of cardiovascular outcome R esults ( LEADER ) trial: preliminary observations
Aims: To report preliminary data on baseline serum calcitonin concentrations and associated clinical characteristics in a global population with type 2 diabetes before liraglutide or placebo randomization. Methods: The ongoing LEADER trial has enrolled 9340 people with type 2 diabetes and at high risk of cardiovascular disease at 410 centres worldwide. People with baseline serum calcitonin ≤50 ng/l were randomized to liraglutide once daily or placebo and will be followed for up to 5 years. Serum calcitonin was measured at baseline and will be measured annually thereafter. An independent committee of thyroid experts will oversee calcitonin monitoring throughout the trial and will review all calcitonin concentrations ≥20 ng/l. Results: The mean age of participants was 64.3 ± 7.2 years, 64.3% were men, and mean the body mass index was 32.5 ± 6.3 kg/m 2 . The median (interquartile range) baseline serum calcitonin values were 3.9 (1.0 to >7.6) ng/l in men and 1.0 (1.0 to >1) ng/l in women. Serum calcitonin was >10 ng/l in 14.6% of men and in 0.96% of women. In sex‐specific multivariable linear analysis of covariance models, a reduced glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) was associated with higher serum calcitonin concentrations that were statistically significant. A 20 ml/min/1.73 m 2 decrease in estimated GFR ( eGFR ) was associated with a 14% increase in serum calcitonin in women and an 11% increase in men. Conclusions: In the LEADER population, the prevalence of elevated serum calcitonin concentrations at baseline was high, and there was an inverse association between eGFR and serum calcitonin concentrations.
- 10 July 2014
- Published by Wiley in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Vol. 16 (11) , 1111-1120
Durability of glycaemic efficacy over 2 years with dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add‐on therapies in patients whose type 2 diabetes mellitus is inadequately controlled with metformin
Aims: To assess the long‐term glycaemic durability, safety and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add‐on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin alone. Methods: This was a 52‐week, randomised, double‐blind study of dapagliflozin (n = 406) versus glipizide (n = 408), uptitrated over 18 weeks according to tolerability and glycaemic response to a maximum of 10 and 20 mg/day, respectively, as add‐on therapies to metformin (≥1500 mg/day) with a 156‐week double‐blind extension period. Data over 104 weeks are reported here. Results: In total, 53.1% of patients completed 104 weeks of treatment. After the greater initial decrease (0–18 weeks) in glycated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) with glipizide, the 18–104‐week HbA1c coefficient of failure ( CoF ) was lower with dapagliflozin (0.13%/year) than with glipizide (0.59%/year), resulting in significant dapagliflozin versus glipizide differences of −0.46%/year (95% CI −0.60,−0.33; p = 0.0001) for CoF and −0.18%(−2.0 mmol/mol) [95% CI −0.33(−3.6),−0.03(−0.3); p = 0.021] for 104‐week HbA1c . Dapagliflozin produced sustained reductions in weight and systolic blood pressure, whereas glipizide increased weight and systolic blood pressure, giving 104‐week dapagliflozin versus glipizide differences of −5.1 kg (95% CI : −5.7,−4.4) and −3.9 mmHg (95% CI : −6.1,−1.7), respectively. Over 104 weeks, the hypoglycaemia rate was 10‐fold lower with dapagliflozin than with glipizide (4.2 vs. 45.8%), whereas patient proportions with events suggestive of genital infection and of urinary tract infection ( UTI ) were greater with dapagliflozin (14.8 and 13.5%, respectively) than with glipizide (2.9 and 9.1%, respectively). Conclusions: Over 2 years, compared with glipizide, dapagliflozin demonstrated greater glycaemic durability, sustained reductions in weight and systolic blood pressure and a low hypoglycaemia rate; however, genital infections and UTIs occurred more frequently.
- 10 July 2014
- Published by Wiley in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Vol. 16 (11) , 1111-1120
Durability of glycaemic efficacy over 2 years with dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add‐on therapies in patients whose type 2 diabetes mellitus is inadequately controlled with metformin
Aims: To assess the long‐term glycaemic durability, safety and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add‐on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin alone. Methods: This was a 52‐week, randomised, double‐blind study of dapagliflozin (n = 406) versus glipizide (n = 408), uptitrated over 18 weeks according to tolerability and glycaemic response to a maximum of 10 and 20 mg/day, respectively, as add‐on therapies to metformin (≥1500 mg/day) with a 156‐week double‐blind extension period. Data over 104 weeks are reported here. Results: In total, 53.1% of patients completed 104 weeks of treatment. After the greater initial decrease (0–18 weeks) in glycated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) with glipizide, the 18–104‐week HbA1c coefficient of failure ( CoF ) was lower with dapagliflozin (0.13%/year) than with glipizide (0.59%/year), resulting in significant dapagliflozin versus glipizide differences of −0.46%/year (95% CI −0.60,−0.33; p = 0.0001) for CoF and −0.18%(−2.0 mmol/mol) [95% CI −0.33(−3.6),−0.03(−0.3); p = 0.021] for 104‐week HbA1c . Dapagliflozin produced sustained reductions in weight and systolic blood pressure, whereas glipizide increased weight and systolic blood pressure, giving 104‐week dapagliflozin versus glipizide differences of −5.1 kg (95% CI : −5.7,−4.4) and −3.9 mmHg (95% CI : −6.1,−1.7), respectively. Over 104 weeks, the hypoglycaemia rate was 10‐fold lower with dapagliflozin than with glipizide (4.2 vs. 45.8%), whereas patient proportions with events suggestive of genital infection and of urinary tract infection ( UTI ) were greater with dapagliflozin (14.8 and 13.5%, respectively) than with glipizide (2.9 and 9.1%, respectively). Conclusions: Over 2 years, compared with glipizide, dapagliflozin demonstrated greater glycaemic durability, sustained reductions in weight and systolic blood pressure and a low hypoglycaemia rate; however, genital infections and UTIs occurred more frequently.
- 11 June 2014
- Published by Wiley in Diabetic Medicine
- Vol. 31 (9) , 1078-1085
Polypharmacy in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is justified by current guidelines—a comprehensive assessment of drug prescriptions in patients needing inpatient treatment for diabetes‐associated problems
Aims: Our aim was to assess the number of medications prescribed to people with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare these to recommendations by guidelines.Patients and methods: Data from 155 and 154 people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, respectively, were analysed. Prescribed medications (glucose‐lowering drugs, blood pressure medications, drugs to treat cardiovascular risk or diseases, etc.) were counted as compounds per day, tablets per day, injections per day, or other modes of administration.Results: People with Type 2 diabetes were prescribed 8.4 ± 3.0 different drug compounds per day (maximum, 16), 8.6 ± 3.9 tablets per day (maximum, 22), 2.6 ± 1.6 injections per day (maximum, 7), in total 11.6 ± 4.5 doses of any medication per day (maximum, 27). The numbers for people with Type 1 diabetes were 5.5 ± 3.4 compounds per day (maximum, 15), 4.5 ± 4.3 tablets per day (maximum, 18), 3.9 ± 2.2 injections per day (maximum, 8), in total 8.5 ± 5.1 doses of any medication per day (maximum, 22). Over 97% of the prescriptions corresponded to recommendations by guidelines.Conclusions: The number of prescribed drugs is high in people with diabetes mellitus, and higher for those with Type 2 than with Type 1 diabetes. The compatibility of prescriptions with guideline recommendations suggests that even this high number of prescriptions will provide a clinical benefit. The current analysis could provide a basis for a realistic judgement of the burden imposed by polypharmacy in people with diabetes mellitus.
- 11 June 2014
- Published by Wiley in Diabetic Medicine
- Vol. 31 (9) , 1078-1085
Polypharmacy in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is justified by current guidelines—a comprehensive assessment of drug prescriptions in patients needing inpatient treatment for diabetes‐associated problems
Aims: Our aim was to assess the number of medications prescribed to people with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare these to recommendations by guidelines.Patients and methods: Data from 155 and 154 people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, respectively, were analysed. Prescribed medications (glucose‐lowering drugs, blood pressure medications, drugs to treat cardiovascular risk or diseases, etc.) were counted as compounds per day, tablets per day, injections per day, or other modes of administration.Results: People with Type 2 diabetes were prescribed 8.4 ± 3.0 different drug compounds per day (maximum, 16), 8.6 ± 3.9 tablets per day (maximum, 22), 2.6 ± 1.6 injections per day (maximum, 7), in total 11.6 ± 4.5 doses of any medication per day (maximum, 27). The numbers for people with Type 1 diabetes were 5.5 ± 3.4 compounds per day (maximum, 15), 4.5 ± 4.3 tablets per day (maximum, 18), 3.9 ± 2.2 injections per day (maximum, 8), in total 8.5 ± 5.1 doses of any medication per day (maximum, 22). Over 97% of the prescriptions corresponded to recommendations by guidelines.Conclusions: The number of prescribed drugs is high in people with diabetes mellitus, and higher for those with Type 2 than with Type 1 diabetes. The compatibility of prescriptions with guideline recommendations suggests that even this high number of prescriptions will provide a clinical benefit. The current analysis could provide a basis for a realistic judgement of the burden imposed by polypharmacy in people with diabetes mellitus.
- Open Access
- 12 May 2014
- Published by SAGE Publications in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Vol. 8 (4) , 895-897
Studying Pancreatic Risks Caused by Incretin-Based Therapies
A manuscript published recently on histological changes induced in the pancreas by incretin-based medications has been widely criticized because of ill-matched groups treated with incretin-based versus non-incretin-based medications and because of methodological problems identifying glucagon-producing cells. Now a study making use of the same tissue bank is available, and does not easily confirm the bulk of findings originally reported. This is an important opportunity to discuss the responsibility of authors to publish results potentially reproducible by other scientists as an important quality criterion, and the responsibility of reviewers and editors in handling such manuscripts. The main conclusion is that attempts to reproduce controversial findings are a necessity if finally the essence of novel results is at stake.
- 12 May 2014
- Published by SAGE Publications in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Vol. 8 (4) , 895-897
Open AccessStudying Pancreatic Risks Caused by Incretin-Based Therapies
A manuscript published recently on histological changes induced in the pancreas by incretin-based medications has been widely criticized because of ill-matched groups treated with incretin-based versus non-incretin-based medications and because of methodological problems identifying glucagon-producing cells. Now a study making use of the same tissue bank is available, and does not easily confirm the bulk of findings originally reported. This is an important opportunity to discuss the responsibility of authors to publish results potentially reproducible by other scientists as an important quality criterion, and the responsibility of reviewers and editors in handling such manuscripts. The main conclusion is that attempts to reproduce controversial findings are a necessity if finally the essence of novel results is at stake.
- 12 November 2013
- Published by Elsevier in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Vol. 2 (2) , 92-93
Pancreatitis and incretin-based drugs: clarity or confusion?
- 12 November 2013
- Published by Elsevier in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Vol. 2 (2) , 92-93
Pancreatitis and incretin-based drugs: clarity or confusion?
- 18 October 2013
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel
- Vol. 8 (05) , 377-379
Projektförderungen der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft: Hinweise für eine erfolgreiche Antragstellung
Projektförderungen, wie sie von der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft angeboten werden, sind ganz offensichtlich sehr begehrt, wie die stetig steigende Anzahl zeigt. Die Zahl der Anträge übersteigt regelmäßig die Zahl der bewilligten Projektförderungen. Die Auswahl trifft die Jury für Projektförderungen und Preise der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft allein nach qualitativen Kriterien. In einem sehr aufwändigen Begutachtungsverfahren geben bis zu neun Jurymitglieder ihre Benotung ab, aus der sich dann eine Durchschnittsnote errechnet, die zusammen mit der beantragten Fördersumme (beides, die Qualität des Projektantrages und die erwartete Zuwendung) in einem vernünftigen Verhältnis zueinander stehen müssen. Die vorliegende Informationsschrift soll helfen, die Kriterien, die Jurymitglieder/Gutachter an einen Antrag auf Projektförderung anlegen zu verdeutlichen, um Ihnen eine Hilfestellung für eine erfolgreiche Beantragung zu vermitteln. Diese Erläuterungen und die sich daraus ableitenden Ratschläge beziehen sich auf alle angeforderten Informationen, so zum Antragsteller, zur Frage der Beziehung zu anderen Fördermittelbewilligungen, dem Ziel des Antrages, den Vorarbeiten der Arbeitsgruppe, Details der Methodik, den konkreten Arbeitsplan und die Aufstellung der Kosten inkl. ihrer Rechtfertigung sowie die Auswahl von Publikationen, mit der der Antragsteller seinen bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag darstellt. Angaben zum Antragsteller bzw. Mitantragsteller sind die Basis für das Vertrauen, dass ein Fördermittelgeber in die handelnden Personen hinter einem Forschungsprojekt entwickelt. In der Begutachtung wird sich die Frage stellen, ob die Institution, zu der er gehört, bisher gute wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse beigetragen hat, ob die Jury also gerne und mit der Zuversicht auf eine erfolgreiche Durchführung eines Projektes vertrauen zu können, die Fördermittel dem Antragsteller zusprechen mag. Die Angabe einer Abteilung ist deshalb wichtig, weil die Zahl der Projektförderungen pro Abteilung (hier zählt die ausgewiesene Struktur einer Institution, also nicht z. B. eine Untergliederung in Arbeitsgruppen oder ähnliches) auf drei in jedem Jahr limitiert ist. Dies kann die Jury nur feststellen, wenn auch die antragstellende Abteilung angegeben wurde. Der Titel des Antrages ist die erste zusammenfassende Darstellung eines Projektes. Entweder ist er so aussagekräftig formuliert, dass das Interesse eines Gutachters geweckt wird, und dass er mit Vorfreude die Details lesen wird, oder das Wesen des Projektes bleibt unklar oder wirkt uninteressant oder unbedeutend. Im besten Falle wird ein prägnanter Titel die dem Projekt zugrunde liegende Hypothese transportieren und im weitesten Sinne auch aussagekräftig sein, was die Methodik angeht (handelt es sich um eine epidemiologische, tierexperimentelle, klinische oder sonstige Studie?). Besondere Sorgfalt sollte auf die Darstellung von Bezügen des aktuellen Projektförderungsantrags zu anderen Forschungsprojekten der gleichen Abteilung gelegt werden. Grundsätzlich werden ja neue Projekte durch DDG-Fördermittel „angeschoben“, also das erste Einarbeiten in eine neue Fragestellung oder eine neue Methodik, auf der dann später (Vorarbeiten) eine weitergehende Antragstellung, z. B. bei der DFG, aufbauen soll. Die zweite wesentliche Antragskategorie sind Ergänzungsanträge zu bereits laufenden oder geplanten und von anderer Seite geförderten Forschungsprojekten. Immer dann ist es besonders wichtig abzugrenzen, welche Aktivitäten bereits durch die Grundförderung des Großprojektes abgedeckt sind und für welche zusätzlichen Maßnahmen (Messungen usw.) die ursprünglich bewilligte Fördersumme nicht ausreicht. Werden diese beiden Aspekte nicht sorgfältig genug getrennt, entsteht möglicherweise der Verdacht auf Doppelförderung, was sicher nicht entsprechend den Regularien der DDG-Projektförderungen wäre. Bei der Formulierung des Ziels eines Antrages wäre es wünschenswert, die dem Antrag zugrunde liegende Hypothese inkl. Hauptzielkriterien darzustellen. In der Regel kann eine Studie (insbesondere mit begrenztem Förderumfang wie typischerweise bei DDG-Projektförderungen) nur zu einer zentralen Frage eine klare Auskunft geben. Die zugrunde liegende Hypothese wird entweder bestätigt oder nicht. Andere Informationen, die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes gewonnen werden, sind von untergeordneter Bedeutung und sollten ein gut formuliertes Ziel nicht verwässern. Natürlich gibt es auch Projekte, die der Natur nach eher Situationen beschreiben, also nicht hypothesengetrieben durchgeführt werden. In der Regel werden solche deskriptiven Projekte aber eher eine schlechtere Benotung bekommen und mit geringerer Wahrscheinlichkeit gefördert werden. Zur Formulierung des Antragsziels gehört auch eine Darstellung, wie neu eine Fragestellung oder der zur Anwendung kommende experimentelle Ansatz ist, z. B. ob Daten aus Tierexperimenten jetzt erstmals mit menschlichen Probanden bestätigt werden sollen, oder ob eine lang existierende Kontroverse mit einem neuen methodischen Ansatz endlich geklärt werden soll. Bitte bedenken Sie, dass die Jurymitglieder einen sehr unterschiedlichen fachlichen Hintergrund haben, der zum Teil betont grundlagenwissenschaftlich ist, zum Teil klinisch, aber auch innerhalb dieser Kategorien geprägt durch unterschiedliche Erfahrungshorizonte. Die Formulierung des Ziels sollte auf einer Ebene stattfinden, die für alle diabetologisch ausgewiesenen und interessierten Jurymitglieder gleichermaßen verständlich ist. Bei der Darstellung des Standes der Forschung einschließlich eigener Vorarbeiten soll kurz geschildert...
- 18 October 2013
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel
- Vol. 8 (05) , 377-379
Projektförderungen der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft: Hinweise für eine erfolgreiche Antragstellung
Projektförderungen, wie sie von der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft angeboten werden, sind ganz offensichtlich sehr begehrt, wie die stetig steigende Anzahl zeigt. Die Zahl der Anträge übersteigt regelmäßig die Zahl der bewilligten Projektförderungen. Die Auswahl trifft die Jury für Projektförderungen und Preise der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft allein nach qualitativen Kriterien. In einem sehr aufwändigen Begutachtungsverfahren geben bis zu neun Jurymitglieder ihre Benotung ab, aus der sich dann eine Durchschnittsnote errechnet, die zusammen mit der beantragten Fördersumme (beides, die Qualität des Projektantrages und die erwartete Zuwendung) in einem vernünftigen Verhältnis zueinander stehen müssen. Die vorliegende Informationsschrift soll helfen, die Kriterien, die Jurymitglieder/Gutachter an einen Antrag auf Projektförderung anlegen zu verdeutlichen, um Ihnen eine Hilfestellung für eine erfolgreiche Beantragung zu vermitteln. Diese Erläuterungen und die sich daraus ableitenden Ratschläge beziehen sich auf alle angeforderten Informationen, so zum Antragsteller, zur Frage der Beziehung zu anderen Fördermittelbewilligungen, dem Ziel des Antrages, den Vorarbeiten der Arbeitsgruppe, Details der Methodik, den konkreten Arbeitsplan und die Aufstellung der Kosten inkl. ihrer Rechtfertigung sowie die Auswahl von Publikationen, mit der der Antragsteller seinen bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag darstellt. Angaben zum Antragsteller bzw. Mitantragsteller sind die Basis für das Vertrauen, dass ein Fördermittelgeber in die handelnden Personen hinter einem Forschungsprojekt entwickelt. In der Begutachtung wird sich die Frage stellen, ob die Institution, zu der er gehört, bisher gute wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse beigetragen hat, ob die Jury also gerne und mit der Zuversicht auf eine erfolgreiche Durchführung eines Projektes vertrauen zu können, die Fördermittel dem Antragsteller zusprechen mag. Die Angabe einer Abteilung ist deshalb wichtig, weil die Zahl der Projektförderungen pro Abteilung (hier zählt die ausgewiesene Struktur einer Institution, also nicht z. B. eine Untergliederung in Arbeitsgruppen oder ähnliches) auf drei in jedem Jahr limitiert ist. Dies kann die Jury nur feststellen, wenn auch die antragstellende Abteilung angegeben wurde. Der Titel des Antrages ist die erste zusammenfassende Darstellung eines Projektes. Entweder ist er so aussagekräftig formuliert, dass das Interesse eines Gutachters geweckt wird, und dass er mit Vorfreude die Details lesen wird, oder das Wesen des Projektes bleibt unklar oder wirkt uninteressant oder unbedeutend. Im besten Falle wird ein prägnanter Titel die dem Projekt zugrunde liegende Hypothese transportieren und im weitesten Sinne auch aussagekräftig sein, was die Methodik angeht (handelt es sich um eine epidemiologische, tierexperimentelle, klinische oder sonstige Studie?). Besondere Sorgfalt sollte auf die Darstellung von Bezügen des aktuellen Projektförderungsantrags zu anderen Forschungsprojekten der gleichen Abteilung gelegt werden. Grundsätzlich werden ja neue Projekte durch DDG-Fördermittel „angeschoben“, also das erste Einarbeiten in eine neue Fragestellung oder eine neue Methodik, auf der dann später (Vorarbeiten) eine weitergehende Antragstellung, z. B. bei der DFG, aufbauen soll. Die zweite wesentliche Antragskategorie sind Ergänzungsanträge zu bereits laufenden oder geplanten und von anderer Seite geförderten Forschungsprojekten. Immer dann ist es besonders wichtig abzugrenzen, welche Aktivitäten bereits durch die Grundförderung des Großprojektes abgedeckt sind und für welche zusätzlichen Maßnahmen (Messungen usw.) die ursprünglich bewilligte Fördersumme nicht ausreicht. Werden diese beiden Aspekte nicht sorgfältig genug getrennt, entsteht möglicherweise der Verdacht auf Doppelförderung, was sicher nicht entsprechend den Regularien der DDG-Projektförderungen wäre. Bei der Formulierung des Ziels eines Antrages wäre es wünschenswert, die dem Antrag zugrunde liegende Hypothese inkl. Hauptzielkriterien darzustellen. In der Regel kann eine Studie (insbesondere mit begrenztem Förderumfang wie typischerweise bei DDG-Projektförderungen) nur zu einer zentralen Frage eine klare Auskunft geben. Die zugrunde liegende Hypothese wird entweder bestätigt oder nicht. Andere Informationen, die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes gewonnen werden, sind von untergeordneter Bedeutung und sollten ein gut formuliertes Ziel nicht verwässern. Natürlich gibt es auch Projekte, die der Natur nach eher Situationen beschreiben, also nicht hypothesengetrieben durchgeführt werden. In der Regel werden solche deskriptiven Projekte aber eher eine schlechtere Benotung bekommen und mit geringerer Wahrscheinlichkeit gefördert werden. Zur Formulierung des Antragsziels gehört auch eine Darstellung, wie neu eine Fragestellung oder der zur Anwendung kommende experimentelle Ansatz ist, z. B. ob Daten aus Tierexperimenten jetzt erstmals mit menschlichen Probanden bestätigt werden sollen, oder ob eine lang existierende Kontroverse mit einem neuen methodischen Ansatz endlich geklärt werden soll. Bitte bedenken Sie, dass die Jurymitglieder einen sehr unterschiedlichen fachlichen Hintergrund haben, der zum Teil betont grundlagenwissenschaftlich ist, zum Teil klinisch, aber auch innerhalb dieser Kategorien geprägt durch unterschiedliche Erfahrungshorizonte. Die Formulierung des Ziels sollte auf einer Ebene stattfinden, die für alle diabetologisch ausgewiesenen und interessierten Jurymitglieder gleichermaßen verständlich ist. Bei der Darstellung des Standes der Forschung einschließlich eigener Vorarbeiten soll kurz geschildert...
- Open Access
- 12 June 2013
- Published by American Diabetes Association in Diabetes Care
- Vol. 36 (7) , 2126-2132
A Critical Analysis of the Clinical Use of Incretin-Based Therapies
There is no question that incretin-based glucose-lowering medications have proven to be effective glucose-lowering agents. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists demonstrate an efficacy comparable to insulin treatment and appear to do so with significant effects to promote weight loss with minimal hypoglycemia. In addition, there are significant data with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showing efficacy comparable to sulfonylureas but with weight neutral effects and reduced risk for hypoglycemia. However, over the recent past there have been concerns regarding the long-term consequences of using such therapies, and the issues raised are in regard to the potential of both classes to promote acute pancreatitis, to initiate histological changes suggesting chronic pancreatitis including associated preneoplastic lesions, and potentially, in the long run, pancreatic cancer. Other issues relate to an increase in thyroid cancer. There are clearly conflicting data that have been presented in preclinical studies and in epidemiologic studies. To provide an understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In the point narrative preceding the counterpoint narrative below, Dr. Butler and colleagues provide their opinion and review of the data to date and that we need to reconsider use of incretin-based therapies because of the growing concern of potential risk and based on a clearer understanding of the mechanism of action. In the counterpoint narrative provided below, Dr. Nauck provides a defense of incretin-based therapies and that benefits clearly outweigh any concern of risk. —William T. Cefalu, MD Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
- 12 June 2013
- Published by American Diabetes Association in Diabetes Care
- Vol. 36 (7) , 2126-2132
Open AccessA Critical Analysis of the Clinical Use of Incretin-Based Therapies
There is no question that incretin-based glucose-lowering medications have proven to be effective glucose-lowering agents. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists demonstrate an efficacy comparable to insulin treatment and appear to do so with significant effects to promote weight loss with minimal hypoglycemia. In addition, there are significant data with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showing efficacy comparable to sulfonylureas but with weight neutral effects and reduced risk for hypoglycemia. However, over the recent past there have been concerns regarding the long-term consequences of using such therapies, and the issues raised are in regard to the potential of both classes to promote acute pancreatitis, to initiate histological changes suggesting chronic pancreatitis including associated preneoplastic lesions, and potentially, in the long run, pancreatic cancer. Other issues relate to an increase in thyroid cancer. There are clearly conflicting data that have been presented in preclinical studies and in epidemiologic studies. To provide an understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In the point narrative preceding the counterpoint narrative below, Dr. Butler and colleagues provide their opinion and review of the data to date and that we need to reconsider use of incretin-based therapies because of the growing concern of potential risk and based on a clearer understanding of the mechanism of action. In the counterpoint narrative provided below, Dr. Nauck provides a defense of incretin-based therapies and that benefits clearly outweigh any concern of risk. —William T. Cefalu, MD Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
- 8 June 2013
- Published by Springer Nature in Diabetologia
- Vol. 56 (9) , 1878-1883
Do current incretin mimetics exploit the full therapeutic potential inherent in GLP-1 receptor stimulation?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are incretin-derived glucose-lowering agents that have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes since 2007. Agents such as exenatide (short-acting and once weekly preparations), liraglutide, taspoglutide, albiglutide and lixisenatide lower fasting glucose and HbA1c upon subcutaneous injection, leading to glycaemic control that is equivalent to, or better than, that observed with other oral glucose-lowering agents or bedtime insulin. However, varying proportions of patients report nausea and vomiting, adverse events that typically narrow the therapeutic dose range. Furthermore, GLP-1 RAs reduce fasting glucose to a clinically meaningful extent, but not into the normal range. In contrast, where GLP-1 is administered as a short-term intravenous infusion, a full normalisation of glucose concentrations (approximately 5 mmol/l) has been observed without any risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Subcutaneous infusions or injections of GLP-1 are much less effective. The present analysis relates the proportion of patients who report nausea following treatment with GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs to the clinical effectiveness of the treatment (represented by the fasting glucose concentration achieved with treatment). The results suggest that GLP-1 RAs injected into the subcutaneous compartment do not exploit the full potential inherent in GLP-1 receptor activation. Reasons for this may include modifications of the peptide molecules in the subcutaneous environment or high local concentrations triggering side effects through GLP-1 receptors on autonomic nerves in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying differential responses to GLP-1/GLP-1 RAs administered intravenously vs subcutaneously may help to develop improved agents or modes of administration that are more effective and have fewer side effects.
- 8 June 2013
- Published by Springer Nature in Diabetologia
- Vol. 56 (9) , 1878-1883
Do current incretin mimetics exploit the full therapeutic potential inherent in GLP-1 receptor stimulation?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are incretin-derived glucose-lowering agents that have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes since 2007. Agents such as exenatide (short-acting and once weekly preparations), liraglutide, taspoglutide, albiglutide and lixisenatide lower fasting glucose and HbA1c upon subcutaneous injection, leading to glycaemic control that is equivalent to, or better than, that observed with other oral glucose-lowering agents or bedtime insulin. However, varying proportions of patients report nausea and vomiting, adverse events that typically narrow the therapeutic dose range. Furthermore, GLP-1 RAs reduce fasting glucose to a clinically meaningful extent, but not into the normal range. In contrast, where GLP-1 is administered as a short-term intravenous infusion, a full normalisation of glucose concentrations (approximately 5 mmol/l) has been observed without any risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Subcutaneous infusions or injections of GLP-1 are much less effective. The present analysis relates the proportion of patients who report nausea following treatment with GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs to the clinical effectiveness of the treatment (represented by the fasting glucose concentration achieved with treatment). The results suggest that GLP-1 RAs injected into the subcutaneous compartment do not exploit the full potential inherent in GLP-1 receptor activation. Reasons for this may include modifications of the peptide molecules in the subcutaneous environment or high local concentrations triggering side effects through GLP-1 receptors on autonomic nerves in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying differential responses to GLP-1/GLP-1 RAs administered intravenously vs subcutaneously may help to develop improved agents or modes of administration that are more effective and have fewer side effects.
- 23 April 2013
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
- Vol. 138 (18) , 957
Frühe Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes - Contra
- 23 April 2013
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
- Vol. 138 (18) , 957
Frühe Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes - Contra