Jaehoon Lee

Little research has been conducted to examine diet quality of overweight and obese adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005), of overweight and obese adults with IDD. Data were obtained from community-dwelling overweight individuals. 3-day food records were administered and completed with assistance by staff or family members and then reviewed by a dietitian. All records were analyzed and HEI-2005 was calculated using NDSR output. 178 records were analyzed from 70 subjects (28 male, 42 female; mean age 33.9 ± 11.5 years). The mean energy intake was 1928 ± 891 kcals, and the mean total HEI-2005 score was 46.7 ± 11.5. Participants scored the lowest in total fruits, whole grains, dark green and orange vegetables, non-hydrogenated vegetable oils, and sodium. Both male and female participants had diets deficient in fiber, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, and potassium. Additionally men were deficient in vitamin K, and women were deficient in calcium. Overweight and obese adults with IDD had a lower HEI-2005 score compared to the general population and are at an increased risk of poor diet quality and nutritional deficiencies that could contribute to the development of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other health complications.

Purpose The objective of this study was to extend previous published findings in the authors' laboratory using a new automated technology to quantitatively characterize nonparticipatory perioral stiffness in healthy male adults. Method Quantitative measures of perioral stiffness were sampled during a nonparticipatory task using a computer-controlled linear servo motor to impose a series of tensile displacements over a span of approximately 24 mm at the oral angle in 20 healthy young male adults. Perioral electromyograms were simultaneously sampled to confirm nonparticipation or passive muscle state. Perioral stiffness, derived as a quotient from resultant force (ΔF) and oral span (ΔX), was modeled with regression techniques and subsequently compared to previously reported perioral stiffness data for female adults. Results Multilevel regression analysis revealed a significant quadratic relation between the perioral stiffness and interangle span; however, no significant difference was found between adult males and females. Conclusion These normative measures will have application to future studies designed to objectively assess the effects of pathology (i.e., progressive neuromotor disease, traumatic brain insult) and intervention (pharmacologic, neurosurgical, and reconstructive surgery of the face [i.e., cleft lip, trauma, missile injuries]) on facial animation and speech kinematics.

This paper reports the results from a survey of 735 social workers in South Korea on their professional identity as a social worker, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the profession. The overall result shows that there was a high level of job satisfaction. Social workers' intention to leave the profession was significantly related to their integrated feelings of professional identity. This relationship was partially mediated by job satisfaction. Social workers' sense of professional identity can be tapped to help social workers feel adequate to carry out their professional responsibility. Boundaries of their practice should be well defined.