Richard M. Cooper

Tracheal reintubation is a common event in critical care. Elmer and colleagues provide the first comparison of complication rates of initial and subsequent reintubation(s) during the same hospitalization. Their work shows an increased risk of complications associated with reintubation, in particular hypoxemia and hypotension, reminding us to be cautious with patients having minimal reserve and potentially altered airway anatomy. See related research by Elmer et al., http://ccforum.com/content/19/1/12

Heidegger et al. 1 are to be congratulated for a well-performed study that validates the relative safety of their practice. The conclusions from their study, however, can be applied only narrowly. First, as they admit, it was conducted by individuals with extensive previous experience with the technique. Indeed, each had performed more than 200 previous bronchoscopic intubations. Therefore, the study addresses the safety of bronchoscopic-assisted intubation for those needing to maintain, rather than acquire, this skill. It does not serve to document the equivalent safety of this technique with direct laryngoscopy for those with limited previous experience. Second, the study was performed on the very population not requiring flexible bronchoscopic intubation—namely, those with normal airways. The study falls short of documenting the absence of vocal cord sequelae when performed in patients who may require this approach. Third, the authors have compared the vocal cord sequelae resulting from a nasally inserted 6-mm tube with an orally inserted 7- or 8-mm tube. Nasal tubes assume a more vertical passage through the larynx and exert less force on the posteromedial glottis.2 Likewise, smaller tubes probably exert less force on the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages.3 Finally, their technique involved the induction of anesthesia absent neuromuscular blockers. The national guidelines referred to,4,5 insofar as they address the anticipated difficult airway, recommend the preservation of spontaneous ventilation. This demands much less medication than Heidegger et al. administered and results in a higher probability of coughing and difficulty in advancing the tube. These may increase the probability of vocal cord sequelae.

Tw o cases are presented wherein the GlideScope® videolaryngoscope (GVL) facilitated laryngeal exposure and successful endotracheal intubation, but resulted in pharyngeal injury.