Jih-Hsing Chang

Paracetamol (PCT), a widely used drug, is increasingly present in environmental and pharma­ceutical samples, raising the need for monitoring and control. Electrochemical sensors (ES) and electrochemical biosensors (EBS) have proven to be promising analytical methods for PCT detection. This review aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of ES and EBS for PCT detection, highlighting advances in electrode modification strategies, signal amplification approaches and biological recognition elements. The reported limits of detection range from the picomolar level (≈10 pM in immunosensors) to the micromolar range, varying with material design and recognition element. Carbon-based and metal/metal oxide materials enhance sensitivity through improved electron transfer and catalytic activity. Enzymatic and antibody-based sensors provide higher selectivity. The drawbacks of enzymatic and non-enzy­matic biosensors are low long-term stability, enzyme degradation, lack of interference testing in different sample matrices and lack of standardized protocols. Antibody- and DNA-based electrochemical platforms for PCT are under-analysed fields compared to nanoma­terial-driven approaches. This review also identifies current challenges, the need for stan­dar­dised protocols and key drawbacks of ES and EBS systems. Future perspectives for the deve­lopment of hybrid, portable, miniaturized, and real-time monitoring systems are further outlined.

Fabrication of solid-state supercapacitor NF/ACMT2/FA1/CE1 electrode for energy application.

Correction for ‘Heterostructure interface-engineered 3D/2D CoMn ₂ O ₄ /CoFe ₂ O ₄ /NF core/shell Bi-functional electrocatalytic nanomaterials for efficient overall water splitting application in alkaline media’ by Moorthy Krishnamachari et al. , Nanoscale , 2025, 17 , 18190–18201, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5NR01307K.

Developing an innovative, high-performance, cost-effective, reinforced, and stable bi-functional nanocatalyst to advance sustainable energy conversion processes is a key step toward enabling large-scale commercialization.

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are promising materials for sustainable energy storage due to their excellent conductivity, large surface area, and chemical stability. However, conventional methods of reducing GO often involve toxic chemicals, raising environmental concerns. This study introduces a green solvothermal method to synthesize rGO using L-ascorbic acid and ammonia solution as reducing agents, producing a material referred to as G-rGO for supercapacitor applications. Theoretical calculations suggest that the reduction process significantly enhances the electronic properties and structural integrity of the material. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the reduction of GO to G-rGO. Electrochemical tests, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), demonstrated that G-rGO performed exceptionally well. It exhibited a high specific capacitance of 401 F/g at 1 A/g and impressive cycle stability of 93% after 10,000 cycles. Theoretical results indicate that these characteristics are attributed to enhanced charge transport and a favorable surface area-to-volume ratio. Additionally, G-rGO achieved an energy density of 200.5 Wh/kg at a power density of 2.5 W/kg, underscoring its potential as an eco-friendly, high-performance electrode material for sustainable energy storage.

Correction for ‘Evaluation of a ZnO–NiO/rGO hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) applications’ by S. Nagarani et al., New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 10910–10924, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nj05305a.