Sevil Savaskan Yilmaz

Metal–organic bimetallic frameworks of Ni–Co, having metal content of 2:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, respectively, have been synthesized via a rapid laser method with a continuous-wave Nd:YVO₄ laser (λ = 975 nm) under 88–90 °C in a DMF/H₂O solution in 70 min. The structure, porosity, and photophysical, electrochemical, and dielectric characteristics of the frameworks and their reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites in the form of powders and UV-cured PEGMEA/PEGDA films have been investigated. Framework Ni2Co1MOF demonstrated a BET surface area equal to 88.3 m² g⁻¹ and a total pore volume of 0.022 cm³ g⁻¹, whereas framework Ni1Co2MOF exhibited a BET surface area of 52.5 m² g⁻¹ and a total pore volume of 0.016 cm³ g⁻¹. The incorporation of rGO from 1 to 10 wt.% into the framework changed the charge transport and polarization properties of the materials. The electrochemical investigations of the 10 wt.% rGO-Ni1Co2MOF composite in 0.5 M HCl demonstrated a specific capacitance of 32.3 F g⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹, and it preserved 98% of the electrochemical response after 400 cycles, in comparison with 96% for the 10 wt.% rGO-Ni2Co1MOF. The electrochemical responses consisted of both diffusion-controlled ion transport and pseudocapacitance. The introduction of rGO in 1 to 10 wt.% in the polymer composite improved the conductivity and Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interface polarization at low frequencies in the case of low rGO concentrations, whereas overly high rGO content led to aggregation and the decreased influence of the conductive phase. The main contribution of the present work is the fast sub-100 °C synthesis approach for compositionally tunable Ni-Co frameworks/rGO materials and the relationships between the metal ratio, porous structure, interfacial charge transport, and dielectric response.

This work demonstrates the implementation of a cobalt metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) as a saturable absorber (SA) to achieve dissipative soliton (DS) formation in a ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL). The Co-MOF device exhibits a saturation intensity of 0.7[ ]MW[ ]cm[ ] and a modulation depth of 14.7%. Integrating this nonlinear optical component into the laser cavity facilitates the generation of ultrashort pulses with a duration of 10.6[ ]ps, centerd at 1,037[ ]nm. The DS pulses operate at a 32.3[ ]MHz repetition rate, which is amplified, producing an optical output power of 105[ ]mW with a pulse energy of 3.3[ ]nJ.

In recent years, polymer-based hybrid nanocomposites have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional heavy metal shields due to their low density, flexibility, and environmental safety. In this study, the synthesis of PS-PEG copolymers and the gamma radiation-shielding properties of PS-PEG/As₂O₃, PS-PEG/BN, and PS-PEG/As₂O₃/BN nanocomposites with different compositions are investigated. The goal is to find the optimal nanocomposite composition for gamma radiation shielding and dosimetry. Therefore, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic number, mean free path (MFP), radiation shielding efficiency (RPE), electron density, and specific gamma-ray constant were presented. Gamma rays emitted by the Eu source were detected by a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector device. GammaVision was used to analyze the given data. Photon energy was in the vicinity of 121.8–1408.0 keV. The MAC values in XCOM simulation tools were used to compute. Gamma-shielding efficiency was increased by an increased number of NPs at a smaller photon energy. At 121.8 keV, the HVL of a composite with 70 wt% As₂O₃ NPs is 2.00 cm, which is comparable to the HVL of lead (0.56 cm) at the same energy level. Due to the increasing need for lightweight, flexible, and lead-free shielding materials, PS-b-PEG copolymer-based nanocomposites reinforced with arsenic oxide and BN NPs will be materials of significant interest for next-generation radiation protection applications.

This chapter reviews the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as MOFs, produced using high-power lasers. The integration of MOFs and nanometals is further explored in cutting-edge applications including photocatalysis, gas sensing, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and solar energy conversion. Special attention is given to defect engineering, 3D laser printing of MOF composites, and emerging photothermal and optoelectronic functionalities. These techniques enable precise control over nanoparticle size, morphology, and composition, and significantly reduce reaction times for MOF formation. Our experimental results on laser ablation and the nanoparticle size distributions are provided in detail. For example, with a pulsed laser ablation energy of 70 mJ, the zinc oxide nanoparticle’s (ZnO NPs) size distribution produced an average nanoparticle size of 12.2 nm. Furthermore, the fast and scalable synthesis of MOFs employing laser irradiation techniques is extensively discussed for several uses in state-of-the-art technology. This work provides an explanation for high-power laser-induced rapid synthesis (LIRS) of Ni- and Zn-based MOFs achieved in a far shorter time and with higher yields than earlier reported techniques. Promising supercapacitor technologies, the chapter covers Cu-MOF/PANI- and Cu-MOF/PPy-based nanocomposites with high particular capacitance. The specific capacitance values are 160.5 F/g for Cu-MOF/PANI and 132.5 F/g for Cu-MOF/PPy nanocomposites, respectively. The activity of the Pt@UiO-66-NH₂ MOF nanocomposite was discovered among the investigated to be 257.38 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹.

Pyrene‐functionalized poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (Py(PCL)), poly(L‐lactide) (Py(PLLA)) homopolymers, and an AB‐type block copolymer (Py(PCL‐b‐PLLA)) are synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) using Sn(Oct)₂ catalyst with ɛ‐CL and L‐LA monomers. Structural characterization is confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and XRD analyses, while thermal and optical properties are assessed using TGA, DSC, UV–vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The polymers exhibited strong photoluminescence across 380–700 nm, high thermal stability, and nanostructured surface morphology as revealed by SEM and 3D laser microscopy. Biocompatibility is evaluated by culturing MCF‐7 breast cancer cells on polymer‐coated glass slides. The materials supported uniform cell distribution, robust adhesion, and sustained viability and proliferation. These results highlight the polymers’ suitability for tissue engineering and biomaterials research. The incorporation of pyrene units enabled intrinsic fluorescence tracking, positioning these polymers as multifunctional platforms for applications in cancer research, real‐time bioimaging, and regenerative medicine. By combining fluorescence capability with biodegradability and promotion of cell growth, Py(PCL), Py(PLLA), and Py(PCL‐b‐PLLA) offer a promising, environmentally friendly approach bridging imaging and therapeutic delivery needs in biomedical applications.

This chapter covers metal-organic framework (MOF) design, synthesis, multifunctional applications, energy storage, thermal regulation, phase change materials (PCMs), and radiation shielding using metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and their polymer nanocomposites. The study discusses their potential in energy storage, PCMs, radiation shielding, electromagnetic wave absorption, and quantum computing. Researchers are investigating the magnetism of MOFs for application in molecular spintronics and quantum information systems, perhaps as logic gates or qubits. The chapter claims radiation resistance in MOF geometries influences protective coatings, space missions, and nuclear shield applications. High-Z metal oxides and conductive polymers in MOFs produce unusual UV protection paths and temperature control. Next-generation multifunctional material developments are made possible by the multidisciplinary effort—material science, nanotechnology, and quantum physics. We also investigate MOFs’ magnetic properties and possible applications in molecular spintronics and quantum computing. The work demonstrates how MOF spin properties might support logical operations and function as qubits in quantum technologies. Studying magnetical moment-lattice geometry interactions helps this work to open new quantum technologies.

Within the scope of this chapter, we provide a quick introduction to a variety of polymerization techniques that transform monomers into copolymers. We also emphasize the distinctive mechanisms that these strategies employ in order to exert control over the structure of polymers. Several different polymerization techniques that are utilized to convert monomers into copolymers are discussed in this chapter. Particular attention is paid on the specific processes and structural control capabilities of each of these strategies. Free radical polymerization (FRP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and ionic polymerization (IP) are the primary topics of discussion. The argument addresses the basic ideas guiding these three forms of polymerization and evaluates their respective strengths and constraints. FRP is widely used in industrial applications because of its simplicity and efficiency. Conversely, ATRP is quite perfect for the development of novel materials since it gives exact control over polymer architecture. Furthermore, the combination of anionic and cationic polymerization simplifies the synthesis of block copolymers with well-defined properties and unique properties. This chapter also looks at the circumstances of synthesis, molecular weight control, and feasible polymer forms made possible by various polymerization techniques. Comparisons between FRP, ATRP, and IP indicate differences in their structural compositions as well as their levels of efficiency. The establishment of environmentally friendly catalytic systems, the combination of hybrid techniques to expand polymer functionality for industrial and scientific advances, and the enhancement of polymerization efficiency will undoubtedly play a central role in the research that will be conducted in the future.

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials with numerous chemical and structural possibilities. Due to their ease of modification, well‐organized structure, and diverse guest molecule chemistry, MOFs are ideal platforms for uncovering improved functional material design characteristics. Quantitative analysis of glucose is crucial, especially in some food products, for quality control as well as evaluation of the glucose levels helps diagnose and treat diabetes. Recent glucose sensing devices have relied heavily on MOFs and other nanomaterials to enable user‐friendly and safe non‐invasive sensing methods. Nevertheless, the conventional synthesis methods involve multi‐day reactions, cooling, and depressurization processes. This study demonstrates the unprecedented high‐power laser‐induced rapid synthesis (LIRS) of Ni‐based MOF nanospheres with interconnected nano‐rods and noncentrosymmetric primitive triclinic crystalline structure, highlighting their multifunctional usage in sensing and gas sorption applications. Ab initio simulations show excellent agreement with the experimental physical and gas sorption properties. Furthermore, the Ni‐MOF‐based biosensor accurately measures glucose real‐life beverage samples, yielding promising glucose detection biosensor results with a low limit of the detection (LOD) of 13.96 µM and high sensitivity of 120.606 µA mM ⁻¹ cm ⁻² .

Surfactant micelles consist of a hydrophilic head that faces the solvent and a hydrophobic tail that faces the core. Mixed micelles, composed of several block copolymers, enhance medication administration. This text discusses the physical-chemical properties, in vivo and in vitro performance, and unique combinations of single and mixed copolymer micelles. It also investigates multifunctional mixed micelles that may respond to various stimuli for cancer treatment. Polymeric micelle-mixed micelles exhibit potential in the field of cancer radiation therapy. The purpose of encapsulating radiosensitizers in polymeric micelle-mixed micelles is to specifically target cancer cells and minimize harm to the rest of the body. Additionally, we can engineer polymeric micelle-mixed micelles to respond to specific conditions in the tumor microenvironment, like changes in pH or enzyme activity. Imaging compounds can be incorporated into mixed micelles to track the distribution and accumulation of tumor medicine during radiation therapy. To summarize, these adaptable nanocarriers can potentially enhance cancer treatment, specifically radiation therapy. However, further investigation is necessary to optimize the use of polymeric micelle-mixed micelles for irradiation. One technique that can determine the size distribution of particles, including multiple distributions and sizes of polymer micelles, whether single or mixed, is laser light scattering.