Javad Feizy

Mycotoxins-harmful compounds produced by various fungi, particularly in agricultural products-pose serious threats to food safety and to the health of both humans and livestock. These toxins can cause liver and kidney damage and may even be carcinogenic. Therefore, it is essential to mitigate their harmful effects through practical and cost-effective methods. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a mycotoxin binder composed of organic and inorganic materials with varying formulations for the removal of aflatoxins, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Among the tested formulations, the mixture containing bentonite, humic acid, and beta-glucan-mannan in a 70:10:20 ratio showed the highest overall adsorption efficiency. This optimized formulation resulted in a statistically significant improvement in toxin removal (P < 0.05), achieving removal rates of 98.07% for aflatoxin B₁, 93.80% for aflatoxin B₂, 90.99% for aflatoxin G₁, 93.56% for aflatoxin G₂, 81.64% for ochratoxin, 73.45% for zearalenone, and 98.98% for deoxynivalenol. These findings offer a promising strategy for improving agricultural product safety and enhancing food supply chain integrity.

This study aimed to assess the nutritional value of the five commercial fish species from the Persian Gulf. All species were low‐fat (0.07–1.64 g/100 g) and low‐calorie fish (108.54–126.17 cal/100 g). Lysine was the most important essential amino acid (EAA) (27.52%–28.82%). The total aromatic amino acids (TArAA), the ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids (EAA/TAA), and the essential amino acids to non‐essential amino acids (EAA/NEAA) were higher than recommended by FAO/WHO. Tryptophan was the primary limiting amino acid. Nemipterus japonicus had the best protein quality with an EAAI (75.92) and BV (71.02). Oleic acid (57.32%–72.75%) and alpha‐linolenic acid (14.81%–39.45%) were the most abundant monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. The Platycephalus indicus , with high PUFA and PI levels (3.97% and 7.02%, respectively), has better lipid quality than other species. Consuming 111 g (59% meal portion), 258 g (138%), 180 g (96%), and 443 g (237%) of Atropus atropos , Sphyraena jello , N. japonicus , and Argyrops spinifer , respectively, could meet daily Ca, K, Fe, and Zn requirements. The Na/K ratio in five species and the Ca/Mg ratio in A. atropos and N. japonicus were in the standard range. In conclusion, all five fish species are good sources of lysine, oleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe. N. japonicus and P. indicus have the best protein and lipid nutritional quality, respectively; they can be suggested for a healthy diet.

This study aimed to purify and stabilize anthocyanins from barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) through a three-phase approach encompassing synthesis of adsorbent composites for purification, copigmentation, and stability assessment. The first phase involved synthesizing zirconium polyaniline as an adsorbent for anthocyanin purification, optimizing parameters such as substrate amount (0.07–0.21 g), solvent volume (1–3 mL), and adsorption duration (15–30 min). The optimal conditions identified were 0.07 g of substrate, 2 mL of solvent, and 15 min of adsorption, yielding an anthocyanin concentration of 76.02 mg/L, characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography. The second phase explored copigmentation with pectin, varying temperature (25–75 °C), time (30–120 min), and molar ratios (0.06–0.1). Optimal conditions for copigmentation were determined to be 25 °C, 30 min, and a molar ratio of 0.06, resulting in significant hyperchromic and bathochromic effects that enhanced color and stability. The final phase assessed the stability of both copigmented and free anthocyanins under thermal treatment and gastrointestinal conditions, revealing that the anthocyanins-pectin complex exhibited resistance to digestion and heat. Although both anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity decreased during copigmentation, this reduction was less significant in copigmented anthocyanins, demonstrating the effective stabilization of barberry anthocyanins through copigmentation as well as its in vitro digestion condition.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are some of the most important mycotoxins or fungal toxins that cause contamination of food products and are considered a threat to human and animal health. An efficient Cu/β-cyclodextrin/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (Cu/β-CD/rGO) has been prepared and applied as a new solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the separation and preconcentration of four AFs (B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂) using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The successful synthesis of the prepared nanocomposite was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impacts of pH, amount of adsorbent, sample volume, desorption solvent volume, and salt concentration on the recovery of AFs were precisely investigated and optimized by central composite design (CCD). Under the optimal conditions, the introduced method demonstrated good linearity in the range of 0.4–5.4, 0.08–1.08, 0.4–5.4, and 0.08–1.08 ng g⁻¹ for AFs B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification for the four AFs were obtained in the range of 0.06–0.53 and 0.20–1.62 ng g⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated using recovery measurements in spiked real samples such as rice, bean, and ginger samples, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range of 83.5–109.0% with good precision (RSDs between 2.4 and 8.6%). The results of this research revealed that our developed method is sensitive, highly effective, and convenient to perform for the trace analysis of AFs in different real samples.

Currently, one of the significant environmental problems is the presence of azo dye materials in water sources. In this study, for the first time, a fast and sensitive sample preparation approach using nanoparticle-assisted fabric phase sorptive extraction (NFPSE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography was examined to remove some azo dyes such as methyl red and sunset yellow from aqueous solutions. Primarily, the significance of several parameters affecting NFPSE, such as fabric type, the kind of sorbent, the number of contacts with sol–gel and the time of contact, was investigated. In addition, experiments were performed to determine the effect of different adsorption parameters, such as sample volume, adsorption time, adsorbent value, desorption time, ionic strength and pH. It was found that the calibration curve was linear within two ranges of concentrations (0.05–0.1 and 0.5–15 ng/L for methyl red; 0.05–0.5 and 0.5–15 ng/L for sunset yellow) with correlation coefficients better than 0.9683. The limit of detection was 0.014 ng/L for methyl red and 0.015 ng/L for sunset yellow. Repeatability Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) with three replicated experiments was 1.5–10% for methyl red and 2.5–5.8% for sunset yellow. Relative recovery percentages of 88–96% for methyl red and 62–92% for sunset yellow were obtained in the samples. Moreover, the results have shown that acceptable accuracy, precision and linearity make the “fabric phase sorptive extraction” a proper method for the determination of dyes from industrial sewage samples.

Antibiotics have several negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and are difficult to degrade using traditional water/wastewater treatment methods. As a result, new treatment techniques must be employed to eliminate these contaminants from aquatic environments. Research on the relationship between the decomposing process of antibiotics and different factors by new technologies is scarce. This research focuses on the capability of ozone micro-nano bubbles (OzMNBs) to eliminate the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIPR) and levofloxacin (LEVO) in aqueous solutions. We studied the CIPR and LEVO decomposition to different variables through the central composite design method. The main variables included pH, ozonation time, and initial antibiotic concentration. The correlation coefficients of the quadratic model obtained by using the software, Design Expert version 13.0.1. Analysis of variances proved the significance of models and main factors. Verification tests also confirmed that the final optimum conditions of the antibiotics decomposition were: pH 9, ozonation for 40 min and, initial antibiotic concentration of 5 mg/L. In optimum conditions, removal rate of about 97% and 100% was obtained for CIPR and LEVO, respectively. The order of influence of various factors on CIPR and LEVO decomposition were obtained and the interactions between the main factors were also investigated. At the last stage of the research, the efficiency of OzMNBs in the removal of total organic carbon and mineralization of the solutions containing CIPR and LEVO under optimum conditions was examined.

Background: Berberis vulgaris L. is a valuable source of natural antioxidants, polyphenols, and anthocyanins compounds. Advanced extraction methods can increase extraction efficiency. This study investigated the efficiency of pulsed electric field, vacuum-cold plasma, and enzymatic pretreatment for anthocyanins extraction of Berberis vulgaris L. Results: Total polyphenols (TP), total anthocyanin (TA), and physicochemical properties of Berberis vulgaris L. were investigated. The pulsed electric field at three levels of electric intensity (3000, 5000, and 7000 V/cm) and three pulse numbers (50, 75, and 100) were applied. 7000 V/cm with the pulse number of 100 was the best condition for anthocyanin extraction (amounts of anthocyanin and polyphenol extraction were 260.28 mg/L and 462.75 mg/L, respectively). The vacuum-cold plasma was carried out at the power of 60, 70, and 80 w at different times (1, 3, and 5 min). The optimum conditions for vacuum-cold plasma were 80 w for 5 min, and anthocyanin and polyphenol amounts were 256.32 mg/L and 433.71 mg/L, respectively. The optimal conditions of enzymatic pretreatment for the maximum yield were 1.5% enzyme concentration at 60 °C (the values of extracted anthocyanin and polyphenol were 279.64 mg/L and 484.93 mg/L, respectively). Conclusions: Different extractionpretreatments demonstrated that the enzymatic pretreatment resulted in the highest extraction of anthocyanins and polyphenols from Berberis vulgaris L. Therefore, pectinase can act as a potential assisted extraction for the extraction process. Graphical

A straightforward and fast magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction method (MDSPME) as a sample preparation procedure coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was developed to measure three organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), including ethion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, from fruit and cereal samples. Magnetic Fe₃O₄@ reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as an excellent sorbent were synthesised based on several steps such as graphite oxide preparation, graphite oxide exfoliation, graphene oxide reduction, and chemical co-precipitation of magnetic Fe₃O₄ methods. Nine factors affected in the MDSPME procedure were thoroughly optimised using the design of experiment approach. The Plackett-Burman design and central composite design were utilised for screening the significant factors and for optimising the factors, respectively. The calibration curves of ethion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos were linear in the ranges of 0.008–4.5, 0.01–4.0, and 0.01–4.5 ng ml⁻¹ with R-squared of 0.9953, 0.9923, and 0.9981, respectively. The proposed method has high preconcentration factors (PF ≥ 220), low sample solution consumption (5.0 ml), and fast extraction time (5.0 min) for the OPPs determination. Analysis of real samples, including rice and cucumber samples, was shown that the proposed procedure is the suitable sample preparation and determination method for the measurement of OPPs with a recovery percentage in the range of 91.3%-102.2% and RSDs lower than 7.2%. The method has great advantages including low desorption solvent consumption, simple operation, and suitable RSDs for the OPPs determination in the fruit and cereal samples with complex matrices.