Александр Васильевич Леонов
Current Organizations / Institutes
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Previous Organizations / Institutes
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Александр Васильевич Леонов has a total of 17 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- K. A. Podgornyi
Russian Academy of Sciences
3 shared publications O. V. Chicherina
Russian Academy of Sciences
3 shared publications- Vladimir M. Pishchalnik
Sakhalin state University, 290, Lenina str., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693000, Russia
3 shared publications Alexandеr Leonov
2 shared publicationsMaria Zobkova
2 shared publications- Victor S. Arkhipkin
Lomonosov Moscow State University
2 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 29 February 2024
- Published by Moscow University Press in Вестник Московского университета. Серия 5. География
- Vol. 78 (№ 6 (2023)) , 77-85
MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN WATERS OF THE ANIVA BAY (THE SEA OF OKHOTSK)
To determine the risks for mariculture farms, the intra-annual change of dissolved О2 concentration was simulated for five zones in the Aniva Bay using the CNPSi model. Zone 1 differed sharply from other zones as the most shallow and freshened. Zone 2 is characterized by a pronounced water exchange with Zone 3 and Zone 4: during spring two layers were formed and stood out in these zones, in the summer the water column was homogeneous. Zone 3 has free water exchange with the open waters of the La Perouse Strait. An outstanding feature of Zone 4, in the deep-water part of the bay, was a distinctive subsidence of waters in the centre of the anticyclonic circulation and the maximum thermocline depth (up to 60-70 m). Zone 5 extends along the western coast of the Tonino-Aniva Peninsula and is characterized by the constant upwelling of waters during the icefree period, which is clearly expressed by lower water temperatures. The calculation showed that in the areas suitable for mariculture farms coastal waters were provided with oxygen throughout the year. Anaerobic conditions developed in spring only in the deepest parts of the bay. An additional source of oxygen in the Aniva Bay is natural thickets of macrophytes, among which the Japanese saccharin (Saccharina japonica) dominates in terms of biomass and area. Annually, Japanese saccharin itself absorbed at least 1200 tons of C in its biomass and supplied at least 3100 tons of О2. Unlike the artificially grown biomass, the biomass of all macrophytes would remain in the system and be destroyed during the life cycle, and the oxygen would be consumed for oxidation. The carbon accumulated in the biomass would again return to the rapid cycle, with the exception of the amount transported to the deep central part of the bay, where it would slowly decompose under nearly anaerobic conditions. It would be possible to place additional algae plantations in the bay, which could absorb up to 49 500 tons of C annually, while supplying up to 132 000 tons of О2. The obtained model estimates could be a starting point for determining the “baseline” of the content of dissolved oxygen and compiling balance equations for gas flows in the ocean-atmosphere system in the Aniva Bay before the development of seaweed plantations, which simultaneously act as carbon farms.
- 29 February 2024
- Published by Moscow University Press in Вестник Московского университета. Серия 5. География
- Vol. 78 (№ 6 (2023)) , 77-85
Open AccessMODELING THE DYNAMICS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN WATERS OF THE ANIVA BAY (THE SEA OF OKHOTSK)
To determine the risks for mariculture farms, the intra-annual change of dissolved О2 concentration was simulated for five zones in the Aniva Bay using the CNPSi model. Zone 1 differed sharply from other zones as the most shallow and freshened. Zone 2 is characterized by a pronounced water exchange with Zone 3 and Zone 4: during spring two layers were formed and stood out in these zones, in the summer the water column was homogeneous. Zone 3 has free water exchange with the open waters of the La Perouse Strait. An outstanding feature of Zone 4, in the deep-water part of the bay, was a distinctive subsidence of waters in the centre of the anticyclonic circulation and the maximum thermocline depth (up to 60-70 m). Zone 5 extends along the western coast of the Tonino-Aniva Peninsula and is characterized by the constant upwelling of waters during the icefree period, which is clearly expressed by lower water temperatures. The calculation showed that in the areas suitable for mariculture farms coastal waters were provided with oxygen throughout the year. Anaerobic conditions developed in spring only in the deepest parts of the bay. An additional source of oxygen in the Aniva Bay is natural thickets of macrophytes, among which the Japanese saccharin (Saccharina japonica) dominates in terms of biomass and area. Annually, Japanese saccharin itself absorbed at least 1200 tons of C in its biomass and supplied at least 3100 tons of О2. Unlike the artificially grown biomass, the biomass of all macrophytes would remain in the system and be destroyed during the life cycle, and the oxygen would be consumed for oxidation. The carbon accumulated in the biomass would again return to the rapid cycle, with the exception of the amount transported to the deep central part of the bay, where it would slowly decompose under nearly anaerobic conditions. It would be possible to place additional algae plantations in the bay, which could absorb up to 49 500 tons of C annually, while supplying up to 132 000 tons of О2. The obtained model estimates could be a starting point for determining the “baseline” of the content of dissolved oxygen and compiling balance equations for gas flows in the ocean-atmosphere system in the Aniva Bay before the development of seaweed plantations, which simultaneously act as carbon farms.
- Open Access
- 25 September 2020
- Published by Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- No. 9,p. 40-64
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE PARAMETER VALUES OF LONG-TERM BOD KINETICS AND СONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER COMPONENTS IN WATERS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF LAKE ONEGO
Длительные БПК-эксперименты (до 84–126-и сут) и определения концентраций компонентов органического вещества (ОВ) проводились в различные сезоны 2013–2017 гг. в воде Онежского озера. Пробы воды отбирали из акваторий Пухтинской, Кондопожской, Петрозаводской губ, а также из устьевой зоны р. Шуи и в районе Ивановских островов из поверхностного горизонта (0.5 или 1 м) или из разных горизонтов толщи воды (от поверхности до дна). Было выполнено одновременно по 16 экспериментов при 20 и 10 оС, и по 8 – при 10 и 2 оС (всего 48 экспериментов). Развитие БПК во всех экспериментах отражено кинетическими уравнениями разного типа и соответствующими параметрами, отражающими также и особенности кинетики БПК в среднем по сезонам года на I-й, II-й и линейной стадиях. Средние значения параметров БПК в весенней и летней воде из исследованных акваторий Онежского озера оказались выше в сравнении с их значениями в воде из центральной части озера. Показано, что в водах окраинных акваторий озера на I-й стадии окисления лабильных компонентов ОВ и на линейной стадии окисления условно «стойких» фракций ОВ потребление О2 в разные сезоны выше соответственно в 2.5–4.2 и в 2 раза в сравнении с центральной частью озера. Это служит дополнительным подтверждением, что воды центральной части озера сохраняют высокое качество. Между различными компонентами ОВ и кинетическими параметрами БПК установлена тесная связь (R2 = 0.60–1.00).
- 25 September 2020
- Published by Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- No. 9,p. 40-64
Open AccessCORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE PARAMETER VALUES OF LONG-TERM BOD KINETICS AND СONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER COMPONENTS IN WATERS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF LAKE ONEGO
Длительные БПК-эксперименты (до 84–126-и сут) и определения концентраций компонентов органического вещества (ОВ) проводились в различные сезоны 2013–2017 гг. в воде Онежского озера. Пробы воды отбирали из акваторий Пухтинской, Кондопожской, Петрозаводской губ, а также из устьевой зоны р. Шуи и в районе Ивановских островов из поверхностного горизонта (0.5 или 1 м) или из разных горизонтов толщи воды (от поверхности до дна). Было выполнено одновременно по 16 экспериментов при 20 и 10 оС, и по 8 – при 10 и 2 оС (всего 48 экспериментов). Развитие БПК во всех экспериментах отражено кинетическими уравнениями разного типа и соответствующими параметрами, отражающими также и особенности кинетики БПК в среднем по сезонам года на I-й, II-й и линейной стадиях. Средние значения параметров БПК в весенней и летней воде из исследованных акваторий Онежского озера оказались выше в сравнении с их значениями в воде из центральной части озера. Показано, что в водах окраинных акваторий озера на I-й стадии окисления лабильных компонентов ОВ и на линейной стадии окисления условно «стойких» фракций ОВ потребление О2 в разные сезоны выше соответственно в 2.5–4.2 и в 2 раза в сравнении с центральной частью озера. Это служит дополнительным подтверждением, что воды центральной части озера сохраняют высокое качество. Между различными компонентами ОВ и кинетическими параметрами БПК установлена тесная связь (R2 = 0.60–1.00).
- Open Access
- 7 May 2020
- Published by Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- No. 4,p. 40-61
BOD KINETIC PARAMETER VALUES FROM LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS (WITH DIFFERENT INTEGRATED WATER SAMPLES FROM THE CENTRAL PART OF LAKE ONEGO)
Влияние разных вариантов составления интегральных проб на кинетику биохимического потребления кислорода (БПК) исследовано в длительных экспериментах (до 84–126 сут) на пробах воды, отобранных в центральном глубоководном районе Онежского озера. В этой серии выполнено 32 эксперимента одновременно при 10 и 20 оС в разные сезоны 2012–2017 гг. Использовано пять вариантов отбора проб из разных горизонтов: поверхностного, придонного, с разных глубин толщи воды, из фотического и глубинного слоев. Всего с зимней водой проведено два, с летней – три, с осенней – четыре, а с весенней – семь экспериментов. Наиболее репрезентативны для изучения БПК в длительных опытах пробы, составленные из воды с глубины 0,5–1,0 м или разных горизонтов фотического слоя. Развитие БПК в экспериментах при каждом варианте получения интегральных проб отражено соответствующим кинетическим уравнением, параметры которого используются для характеристики особенностей окисления компонентов органического вещества, имеющегося в исследуемой воде и трансформируемого в длительном БПК-эксперименте. Проведен анализ полученных кинетических параметров БПК в зависимости от факторов, определяющих итоговое окисление компонентов органического вещества. Закономерности формирования типа развития БПК определяются условиями получения/составления интегральной пробы воды и характеризуются средними значениями содержащегося в воде органического вещества, оцениваемого аналитически или по эмпирическим уравнениям, а также температурой экспозиции проб воды в эксперименте. Обобщение полученной информации показало, что в весенней воде значения кинетических параметров БПК в целом ниже в сравнении с полученными для других сезонов. Это связано с тем, что потенциал окисления компонентов органического вещества в весенней воде выше в сравнении с другими сезонами.
- 7 May 2020
- Published by Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- No. 4,p. 40-61
Open AccessBOD KINETIC PARAMETER VALUES FROM LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS (WITH DIFFERENT INTEGRATED WATER SAMPLES FROM THE CENTRAL PART OF LAKE ONEGO)
Влияние разных вариантов составления интегральных проб на кинетику биохимического потребления кислорода (БПК) исследовано в длительных экспериментах (до 84–126 сут) на пробах воды, отобранных в центральном глубоководном районе Онежского озера. В этой серии выполнено 32 эксперимента одновременно при 10 и 20 оС в разные сезоны 2012–2017 гг. Использовано пять вариантов отбора проб из разных горизонтов: поверхностного, придонного, с разных глубин толщи воды, из фотического и глубинного слоев. Всего с зимней водой проведено два, с летней – три, с осенней – четыре, а с весенней – семь экспериментов. Наиболее репрезентативны для изучения БПК в длительных опытах пробы, составленные из воды с глубины 0,5–1,0 м или разных горизонтов фотического слоя. Развитие БПК в экспериментах при каждом варианте получения интегральных проб отражено соответствующим кинетическим уравнением, параметры которого используются для характеристики особенностей окисления компонентов органического вещества, имеющегося в исследуемой воде и трансформируемого в длительном БПК-эксперименте. Проведен анализ полученных кинетических параметров БПК в зависимости от факторов, определяющих итоговое окисление компонентов органического вещества. Закономерности формирования типа развития БПК определяются условиями получения/составления интегральной пробы воды и характеризуются средними значениями содержащегося в воде органического вещества, оцениваемого аналитически или по эмпирическим уравнениям, а также температурой экспозиции проб воды в эксперименте. Обобщение полученной информации показало, что в весенней воде значения кинетических параметров БПК в целом ниже в сравнении с полученными для других сезонов. Это связано с тем, что потенциал окисления компонентов органического вещества в весенней воде выше в сравнении с другими сезонами.
- Open Access
- 30 April 2019
- Published by P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS in Journal of Oceanological Research
- Vol. 47 (1) , 174-197
OIL HYDROCARBONS IN SHELF WATERS OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE SAKHALIN ISLAND: THEIR INPUTS, TRANSFORMATIONS AND CONTENTS
On the basis of the methodology of mathematical modeling, the development of the transformation of oil hydrocarbons in the waters of the eastern shelf of Sakhalin Island is considered. Three electronic instruments for the analysis of oceanographic information were used: 1. GIS “Sakhalin shelf” (for processing and systematization of thermohaline observed parameters); 2. The oceanic model of the Bergen University (for calculating the velocities and directions of currents, and also flow rates of water exchange between the individual regions on the Sakhalin Shelf); and 3. CNPSi-model (for calculating the biotransformation of oil hydrocarbons taking into account the intra-annual changes of the long-term marine environment parameters and features of the substance transfer at the water exchange). The entire eastern shelf of the Sakhalin Island was subdivided on two Water Areas (1. southeastern and 2. northeastern ones), where Regions 1–3 and 1–4 were respectively allocated. Using the methodology of mathematical modeling, the CNPSi-model reproduces the interactions of the changing environmental factors during a year (temperature, light intensity, water transparency, oil hydrocarbon inputs from external sources, conditions of the water regime) and their influence on the biotransformation of oil hydrocarbons in two-layer marine environment. The model calculates the changes during a year of the oil hydrocarbon concentrations, the biomass of B2 bacteria (they oxidize of the oil hydrocarbons) and their activity indexes (the specific growth rate, the total biomass turnover time and the biomass production). An analysis is made of the changes in these parameters depending on environmental factors and conditions of substance transport during water exchange across the boundaries of regions and with open water areas of the Sea of Okhotsk. For each region studied, the characteristic values of these parameters were revealed for specific periods of a year. Calculations show that there are different conditions for the formation of B2 bacteria biomass and their production on the south and north regions of the eastern shelf of the Sakhalin Island. In Regions 1–3 of the southeastern part of the shelf (Area 1), a significant effect of water dynamics was found on the development of the biomasses of organisms and, in particular, on the B2 biomass.
- 30 April 2019
- Published by P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS in Journal of Oceanological Research
- Vol. 47 (1) , 174-197
Open AccessOIL HYDROCARBONS IN SHELF WATERS OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE SAKHALIN ISLAND: THEIR INPUTS, TRANSFORMATIONS AND CONTENTS
On the basis of the methodology of mathematical modeling, the development of the transformation of oil hydrocarbons in the waters of the eastern shelf of Sakhalin Island is considered. Three electronic instruments for the analysis of oceanographic information were used: 1. GIS “Sakhalin shelf” (for processing and systematization of thermohaline observed parameters); 2. The oceanic model of the Bergen University (for calculating the velocities and directions of currents, and also flow rates of water exchange between the individual regions on the Sakhalin Shelf); and 3. CNPSi-model (for calculating the biotransformation of oil hydrocarbons taking into account the intra-annual changes of the long-term marine environment parameters and features of the substance transfer at the water exchange). The entire eastern shelf of the Sakhalin Island was subdivided on two Water Areas (1. southeastern and 2. northeastern ones), where Regions 1–3 and 1–4 were respectively allocated. Using the methodology of mathematical modeling, the CNPSi-model reproduces the interactions of the changing environmental factors during a year (temperature, light intensity, water transparency, oil hydrocarbon inputs from external sources, conditions of the water regime) and their influence on the biotransformation of oil hydrocarbons in two-layer marine environment. The model calculates the changes during a year of the oil hydrocarbon concentrations, the biomass of B2 bacteria (they oxidize of the oil hydrocarbons) and their activity indexes (the specific growth rate, the total biomass turnover time and the biomass production). An analysis is made of the changes in these parameters depending on environmental factors and conditions of substance transport during water exchange across the boundaries of regions and with open water areas of the Sea of Okhotsk. For each region studied, the characteristic values of these parameters were revealed for specific periods of a year. Calculations show that there are different conditions for the formation of B2 bacteria biomass and their production on the south and north regions of the eastern shelf of the Sakhalin Island. In Regions 1–3 of the southeastern part of the shelf (Area 1), a significant effect of water dynamics was found on the development of the biomasses of organisms and, in particular, on the B2 biomass.
- Open Access
- 27 March 2019
- Published by Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- No. 3,p. 61-79
General characteristics of BOD kinetics in long-term experiments with water from Karelian waterbodies of various types
Общая характеристика развития БПК в длительных экспериментах с водой из разнотипных водных объектов Карелии
- 27 March 2019
- Published by Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- No. 3,p. 61-79
Open AccessGeneral characteristics of BOD kinetics in long-term experiments with water from Karelian waterbodies of various types
Общая характеристика развития БПК в длительных экспериментах с водой из разнотипных водных объектов Карелии
- 28 December 2017
- Published by P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS in Journal of Oceanological Research
- Vol. 45 (1) , 109-141
MODELING OF SUSPENDED MATTER DISTRIBUTION IN MARINE COASTAL AREAS: 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SM-MODEL
- 28 December 2017
- Published by P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS in Journal of Oceanological Research
- Vol. 45 (1) , 109-141
MODELING OF SUSPENDED MATTER DISTRIBUTION IN MARINE COASTAL AREAS: 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SM-MODEL
- 1 January 2017
- Published by Pleiades Publishing Ltd in Water Resources
- Vol. 44 (1) , 78-100
Hydrocarbons in the White Sea: Their inflow and transformation in the marine environment in different regions
Literary data have been used to assess the inflow of petroleum hydrocarbons (with river runoff, precipitation, wastewaters, sea transport, and at ice thawing) into different regions of the White Sea. The hydroecological CNPSi-model was used as an instrument to reproduce the annual dynamics of hydrocarbon concentrations at their parallel inflow and subsequent transformation in the waters of the nine White Sea regions (the bays of Kandalaksha, Onega, Dvina, and Mezen; the Solovetskie Islands; the deep-water part: Bassein, Gorlo, Voronka, and Chupa Bay). The calculations were based on normal annual values of monthly variations of water temperature, light intensity, and transparency, the morphometric parameters of the regions (water areas, mean depths, and water volumes) and water exchange between the regions and with the Barents Sea (calculated by a hydrodynamic model). The calculated concentrations of hydrocarbons, the biomasses and activity characteristics of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria have been analyzed (their values were estimated for the 2-m surface water layer). The results of calculations were used to evaluate hydrocarbon balances for regions and the sea as a whole. The calculations demonstrate the balanced character of hydrocarbon fluxes, the balance discrepancy for the regions being <0.1–16.1%.
- 1 January 2017
- Published by Pleiades Publishing Ltd in Water Resources
- Vol. 44 (1) , 78-100
Hydrocarbons in the White Sea: Their inflow and transformation in the marine environment in different regions
Literary data have been used to assess the inflow of petroleum hydrocarbons (with river runoff, precipitation, wastewaters, sea transport, and at ice thawing) into different regions of the White Sea. The hydroecological CNPSi-model was used as an instrument to reproduce the annual dynamics of hydrocarbon concentrations at their parallel inflow and subsequent transformation in the waters of the nine White Sea regions (the bays of Kandalaksha, Onega, Dvina, and Mezen; the Solovetskie Islands; the deep-water part: Bassein, Gorlo, Voronka, and Chupa Bay). The calculations were based on normal annual values of monthly variations of water temperature, light intensity, and transparency, the morphometric parameters of the regions (water areas, mean depths, and water volumes) and water exchange between the regions and with the Barents Sea (calculated by a hydrodynamic model). The calculated concentrations of hydrocarbons, the biomasses and activity characteristics of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria have been analyzed (their values were estimated for the 2-m surface water layer). The results of calculations were used to evaluate hydrocarbon balances for regions and the sea as a whole. The calculations demonstrate the balanced character of hydrocarbon fluxes, the balance discrepancy for the regions being <0.1–16.1%.
- Open Access
- 1 January 2017
- Published by FSBSI TINRO Center in Izvestiya TINRO
- Vol. 191, 160-175
Modeling mean month thermohaline patterns and water circulation on southwestern shelf of Sakhalin
Методами статистического моделирования (ГИС «Сахалинский шельф») восстановлен годовой ход температуры и солености воды на стандартных горизонтах на сети океанографических станций юго-восточного шельфа Сахалина (общая продолжительность наблюдений ~40 лет). Методами численного моделирования с помощью океанической модели Бергенского университета выполнено пространственное восстановление полей температуры и солености воды на стандартных горизонтах в узлах регулярной сетки. В результате анализа расчетных данных выявлены новые черты гидрологического режима и впервые получены максимально детализированные термохалинные характеристики полного годового цикла, по которым рассчитана среднемесячная трехмерная циркуляция вод, включая ледовый период.
- 1 January 2017
- Published by FSBSI TINRO Center in Izvestiya TINRO
- Vol. 191, 160-175
Open AccessModeling mean month thermohaline patterns and water circulation on southwestern shelf of Sakhalin
Методами статистического моделирования (ГИС «Сахалинский шельф») восстановлен годовой ход температуры и солености воды на стандартных горизонтах на сети океанографических станций юго-восточного шельфа Сахалина (общая продолжительность наблюдений ~40 лет). Методами численного моделирования с помощью океанической модели Бергенского университета выполнено пространственное восстановление полей температуры и солености воды на стандартных горизонтах в узлах регулярной сетки. В результате анализа расчетных данных выявлены новые черты гидрологического режима и впервые получены максимально детализированные термохалинные характеристики полного годового цикла, по которым рассчитана среднемесячная трехмерная циркуляция вод, включая ледовый период.
- 1 March 2016
- Published by Pleiades Publishing Ltd in Water Resources
- Vol. 43 (2) , 306-327
Biohydrochemistry of marine environment and transformations of biogenic substances and oil hydrocarbons on the southeastern Sakhalin shelf
- 1 March 2016
- Published by Pleiades Publishing Ltd in Water Resources
- Vol. 43 (2) , 306-327
Biohydrochemistry of marine environment and transformations of biogenic substances and oil hydrocarbons on the southeastern Sakhalin shelf
- 14 July 2015
- Published by Pleiades Publishing Ltd in Water Resources
- Vol. 42 (4) , 477-499
Review of the current methods used to assess the values of coefficients, sensitivity, and adequacy of simulation models of aquatic ecosystems
The major principles, current methods, and approaches to solving optimization problems in assessing parameters for simulation models of aquatic ecosystems and their sensitivity to changes in the values of model parameters are considered. Analysis of the practical application of different methods to model calibration shows that no method of global optimization for complex hydrological models and models of aquatic ecosystems can guarantee obtaining a unique and best solution. Some results are shown, which have been obtained in solving the problem of the choice of parameters for the biohydrochemical block of a simulation model of Neva Bay (NB), the Gulf of Finland. The process of solving the optimization problem is formalized in the form of a two-stage direct-search algorithm: a random search algorithm (global search in the entire parameter space), followed by a local search by a modified Nelder-Mead simplex method.
- 14 July 2015
- Published by Pleiades Publishing Ltd in Water Resources
- Vol. 42 (4) , 477-499
Review of the current methods used to assess the values of coefficients, sensitivity, and adequacy of simulation models of aquatic ecosystems
The major principles, current methods, and approaches to solving optimization problems in assessing parameters for simulation models of aquatic ecosystems and their sensitivity to changes in the values of model parameters are considered. Analysis of the practical application of different methods to model calibration shows that no method of global optimization for complex hydrological models and models of aquatic ecosystems can guarantee obtaining a unique and best solution. Some results are shown, which have been obtained in solving the problem of the choice of parameters for the biohydrochemical block of a simulation model of Neva Bay (NB), the Gulf of Finland. The process of solving the optimization problem is formalized in the form of a two-stage direct-search algorithm: a random search algorithm (global search in the entire parameter space), followed by a local search by a modified Nelder-Mead simplex method.