Zhaohui Zhang

Therapeutic drug monitoring of anticancer drugs is crucial to advancing personalized medicine. This study developed a wearable fluorescence hydrogel-imprinted sensor integrated with automated smartphone-based image processing of fluorescence image patterns for rapid, noninvasive, and visual differentiation and quantification of anticancer drugs and their metabolites in sweat. Combining the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs) through electrostatic interaction, the fluorescence molecularly imprinted polymer (COF/CdTe@MIP) was prepared by imprinting with capecitabine (CAP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The COF/CdTe@MIP uniformly distributed on the hydrogel framework by in situ free radical polymerization was pressed into the polydimethylsiloxane-silicon dioxide (PDMS-SiO₂) patch to construct a wearable fluorescence hydrogel-imprinted sensor. The PDMS-SiO₂ patch can effectively collect sweat from the hydrogel to facilitate quantitative detection. Under smartphone detection mode, the COF/CdTe@MIP hydrogel sensor can visually recognize and simultaneously detect CAP and 5-FU within the linear concentration ranges of 0.02-3.6 and 0.01-1.6 μM, respectively. With the assistance of automated smartphone-based image processing, the wearable fluorescence hydrogel-imprinted sensor achieves rapid identification of CAP and 5-FU within 7 min. This wearable fluorescence hydrogel-imprinted sensor provides a feasible method for rapid visual real-time monitoring of anticancer drugs and their metabolites in sweat.

An intelligent dual-nanozyme imprinted dual-ratiometric fluorescence paper-based microfluidic sensor, combined with smartphone readout and MATLAB-based analysis for rapid, simultaneous, ultrasensitive determination of LMS and MBZ in meat products.

The increasing global demand for antidepressants (ADs) has led to their widespread presence in wastewater and aquatic environments, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. In this study, a nanozyme fluorescence capillary imprinted sensor array combined with fluorescence mode and artificial intelligence (AI) one-click processing fluorescence image mode was developed for the rapid visual discrimination and quantification of five ADs (imipramine, citalopram, clomipramine, amitriptyline, and sertraline). Benefiting from the differential recognition of molecularly imprinted polymers with the high sensitivity of nanozyme, two imprinted polymers on the surface of nanozymes were prepared as two sensing units by the sol-gel method. The sensor array was constructed by siphoning the imprinted polymers into a capillary, enabling distinct response signals and color changes for recognition of five ADs only consuming 18 μL/time to generate fingerprint images. By coupling fluorescence detection with AI one-click image processing, the proposed sensor array achieves high-performance recognition of five ADs within 7 min with a 100% overall accuracy. With the lower detection limit for identification of five ADs, the nanozyme fluorescence capillary imprinted sensor array was successfully employed for the discrimination of unknown samples in lake water and hospital sewage and freeze-dried with an accuracy of 90.5%. With the advantage of high sensitivity and low reagent consumption, the nanozyme fluorescence capillary imprinted sensor array provides a new strategy for the rapid detection of ADs in trace multipollutant environmental samples.

Herein, a dual-nanozyme cascade catalysis triemission fluorescence capillary imprinted sensor integrated with intelligent logic gates was constructed for simultaneous detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DA) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The novel nanozyme fluorescence organic framework (Bi, Co-MOF) was grafted on the surface of Fe₃O₄ modified with histidine to form a nanozyme composite (FBM) with dual-enzyme activity, which was imprinted with 2,4-DA to prepare a fluorescence molecularly imprinted polymer (FBM@MIP). Carbon dots (CDs) coupling with FBM@MIP (FBM@MIP/CDs) was inhaled into a capillary to construct a dual-nanozyme capillary imprinted sensor directly. The FBM@MIP/CDs capillary sensor realized to detect 2,4-DA and 2,4-DCP simultaneously within a linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10^-12-1.2 × 10^-9 M and 1.0 × 10^-12-4.8 × 10^-9 M with the detection limit of 0.75 and 0.68 pM, respectively. Interestingly, a smartphone-assisted portable capillary fluorescence intelligent sensing platform was developed that can detect 2,4-DA and 2,4-DCP visually without tedious operations such as soaking and drying. Combined with a smartphone, the linear relationships between RGB ratios and concentrations of 2,4-DA and 2,4-DCP were established with the detection limit of 0.93 and 0.81 pM, respectively. The integrated logic gates provided a promising way for intelligent sensing of multiple targets simultaneously, which provided a new strategy for ultrasensitive simultaneous detection of multiple pollutants with a microvolume (18 μL/time) in complex environments.