Martin Carnoy
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Martin Carnoy has a total of 36 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Jandhyala B. G. Tilak
Council for Social Development
9 shared publications Rafiq Dossani
9 shared publications- Isak Froumin8 shared publications
Katherine Kuhns
8 shared publications- Maria Dobryakova
HSE University, Russia
8 shared publications - Prashant Loyalka
Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
8 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 3 November 2023
- Published by Universidad Iberoamericana, A. C. in Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos
- Vol. 53 (Especial) , 13-50
Qué podemos aprender sobre los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos a partir de las pruebas internacionales. Una breve incursión
The article points out that more than 50 years ago there were already concerns about educational quality, but there were almost no databases to compare national systems and the analytical tools available were not very powerful. Analyzes the scores obtained in the PISA 2000-2018 tests by students from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay, adjusting them to discount the influence of family resources, the average social class of the school and the grade in which they are enrolled. The adjusted results are different from raw scores, to the extent that students from Mexico, Uruguay, and perhaps Brazil perform better than those from Chile. In some countries, especially Peru and Uruguay, there were significant improvements, but much of it was due to an increase in social class and the average school grade reached by young people, rather than to improvements in learning. Other analyzes compare the results of the federal states of Mexico, showing that there were important differences, since in some the students achieved significant gains, but in a few the scores dropped. Differences in the relationship between the state authority and the union are pointed out as a possible explanation. El artículo señala que hace más de 50 años había ya preocupación por la calidad educativa, pero casi no había bases de datos para comparar sistemas nacionales y las herramientas analíticas disponibles eran poco poderosas. Analiza los puntajes que obtuvieron en las pruebas PISA 2000-2018 alumnos de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Perú y Uruguay, ajustándolos para descontar la influencia de los recursos familiares, la clase social promedio de la escuela y el grado en que están inscritos los jóvenes. Los puntajes ajustados son diferentes de los “crudos”, al grado que los alumnos de México, Uruguay y tal vez Brasil resultan mejor que los de Chile. En unos países, sobre todo Perú y Uruguay, hubo mejoras significativas pero gran parte se debió al aumento en la clase social y el grado escolar alcanzado en promedio por los jóvenes, más que a mejoras en el aprendizaje. Otros análisis comparan los resultados de los estados de México, evidenciando que hubo diferencias importantes, pues en unos los estudiantes consiguieron ganancias significativas, pero en unos cuantos los puntajes bajaron. Se apunta como posible explicación las diferencias en la relación entre la autoridad estatal y el sindicato. L'article indique qu'il y a plus de 50 ans, la qualité de l'éducation suscitait déjà des inquiétudes, mais qu'il n'existait presque aucune base de données pour comparer les systèmes nationaux et que les outils d'analyse disponibles étaient limités. Analyse les scores PISA 2000-2018 des élèves d'Argentine, Brésil, Chili, Mexique, Pérou et Uruguay en les ajustant pour prendre en compte l'influence des ressources familiales, la classe sociale moyenne de l'école et la classe des jeunes inscrits. Les scores ajustés sont différents des scores «bruts», dans la mesure où les étudiants du Mexique, de l'Uruguay et peut-être du Brésil sont meilleurs que ceux du Chili. Dans certains pays, notamment au Pérou et en Uruguay, des améliorations significatives ont été enregistrées, mais elles sont dues en grande partie à l’augmentation de la classe sociale et du niveau de scolarité moyen atteint par les jeunes, plutôt qu’à l’amélioration de l’apprentissage. D'autres analyses comparent les résultats des États fédéraux du Mexique, montrant qu'il y avait des différences importantes, puisque dans certains les étudiants ont réalisé des gains significatifs, mais dans quelques-uns les scores ont chuté. Les différences dans les relations entre l'autorité de l'État et le syndicat sont évoquées comme explication possible. O artigo aponta que há mais de 50 anos já existia preocupação com a qualidade educacional, mas quase não existiam bases de dados para comparar os sistemas nacionais e as ferramentas analíticas disponíveis não eram muito poderosas. Analisa as notas obtidas nas provas PISA 2000-2018 por alunos da Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Peru e Uruguai, ajustando-as para descontar a influência dos recursos familiares, da classe social média da escola e da série em que estão matriculado os jovens. As pontuações ajustadas são diferentes das “brutas”, na medida em que os estudantes do México, do Uruguai e talvez do Brasil são melhores que os do Chile. Em alguns países, especialmente no Peru e no Uruguai, houve melhorias significativas, mas muito disso se deveu ao aumento da classe social e do nível escolar médio alcançado pelos jovens, e não a melhorias na aprendizagem. Outras análises comparam os resultados dos estados federais do México, mostrando que houve diferenças importantes, já que em alguns os alunos obtiveram ganhos significativos, mas em alguns os resultados caíram. As diferenças na relação entre o poder estatal e o sindicato são apontadas como uma possível explicação.
- 3 November 2023
- Published by Universidad Iberoamericana, A. C. in Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos
- Vol. 53 (Especial) , 13-50
Open AccessQué podemos aprender sobre los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos a partir de las pruebas internacionales. Una breve incursión
The article points out that more than 50 years ago there were already concerns about educational quality, but there were almost no databases to compare national systems and the analytical tools available were not very powerful. Analyzes the scores obtained in the PISA 2000-2018 tests by students from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay, adjusting them to discount the influence of family resources, the average social class of the school and the grade in which they are enrolled. The adjusted results are different from raw scores, to the extent that students from Mexico, Uruguay, and perhaps Brazil perform better than those from Chile. In some countries, especially Peru and Uruguay, there were significant improvements, but much of it was due to an increase in social class and the average school grade reached by young people, rather than to improvements in learning. Other analyzes compare the results of the federal states of Mexico, showing that there were important differences, since in some the students achieved significant gains, but in a few the scores dropped. Differences in the relationship between the state authority and the union are pointed out as a possible explanation. El artículo señala que hace más de 50 años había ya preocupación por la calidad educativa, pero casi no había bases de datos para comparar sistemas nacionales y las herramientas analíticas disponibles eran poco poderosas. Analiza los puntajes que obtuvieron en las pruebas PISA 2000-2018 alumnos de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Perú y Uruguay, ajustándolos para descontar la influencia de los recursos familiares, la clase social promedio de la escuela y el grado en que están inscritos los jóvenes. Los puntajes ajustados son diferentes de los “crudos”, al grado que los alumnos de México, Uruguay y tal vez Brasil resultan mejor que los de Chile. En unos países, sobre todo Perú y Uruguay, hubo mejoras significativas pero gran parte se debió al aumento en la clase social y el grado escolar alcanzado en promedio por los jóvenes, más que a mejoras en el aprendizaje. Otros análisis comparan los resultados de los estados de México, evidenciando que hubo diferencias importantes, pues en unos los estudiantes consiguieron ganancias significativas, pero en unos cuantos los puntajes bajaron. Se apunta como posible explicación las diferencias en la relación entre la autoridad estatal y el sindicato. L'article indique qu'il y a plus de 50 ans, la qualité de l'éducation suscitait déjà des inquiétudes, mais qu'il n'existait presque aucune base de données pour comparer les systèmes nationaux et que les outils d'analyse disponibles étaient limités. Analyse les scores PISA 2000-2018 des élèves d'Argentine, Brésil, Chili, Mexique, Pérou et Uruguay en les ajustant pour prendre en compte l'influence des ressources familiales, la classe sociale moyenne de l'école et la classe des jeunes inscrits. Les scores ajustés sont différents des scores «bruts», dans la mesure où les étudiants du Mexique, de l'Uruguay et peut-être du Brésil sont meilleurs que ceux du Chili. Dans certains pays, notamment au Pérou et en Uruguay, des améliorations significatives ont été enregistrées, mais elles sont dues en grande partie à l’augmentation de la classe sociale et du niveau de scolarité moyen atteint par les jeunes, plutôt qu’à l’amélioration de l’apprentissage. D'autres analyses comparent les résultats des États fédéraux du Mexique, montrant qu'il y avait des différences importantes, puisque dans certains les étudiants ont réalisé des gains significatifs, mais dans quelques-uns les scores ont chuté. Les différences dans les relations entre l'autorité de l'État et le syndicat sont évoquées comme explication possible. O artigo aponta que há mais de 50 anos já existia preocupação com a qualidade educacional, mas quase não existiam bases de dados para comparar os sistemas nacionais e as ferramentas analíticas disponíveis não eram muito poderosas. Analisa as notas obtidas nas provas PISA 2000-2018 por alunos da Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Peru e Uruguai, ajustando-as para descontar a influência dos recursos familiares, da classe social média da escola e da série em que estão matriculado os jovens. As pontuações ajustadas são diferentes das “brutas”, na medida em que os estudantes do México, do Uruguai e talvez do Brasil são melhores que os do Chile. Em alguns países, especialmente no Peru e no Uruguai, houve melhorias significativas, mas muito disso se deveu ao aumento da classe social e do nível escolar médio alcançado pelos jovens, e não a melhorias na aprendizagem. Outras análises comparam os resultados dos estados federais do México, mostrando que houve diferenças importantes, já que em alguns os alunos obtiveram ganhos significativos, mas em alguns os resultados caíram. As diferenças na relação entre o poder estatal e o sindicato são apontadas como uma possível explicação.
- 1 July 2021
- Published by Springer Nature
- p. 25-42
The Changing Face of Comparative Education: A Personal Retrospective
- 1 July 2021
- Published by Springer Nature
- p. 25-42
The Changing Face of Comparative Education: A Personal Retrospective
- 9 April 2019
- Published by Springer Nature in Higher Education
- Vol. 78 (5) , 887-910
Do students make greater achievement gains in some higher education institutions’ programs than others? Insights from Brazil
- 9 April 2019
- Published by Springer Nature in Higher Education
- Vol. 78 (5) , 887-910
Do students make greater achievement gains in some higher education institutions’ programs than others? Insights from Brazil
- 3 March 2016
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Oxford Review of Education
- Vol. 42 (2) , 178-199
The unintended and intended academic consequences of educational reforms: the cases of Post-Soviet Estonia, Latvia and Russia
In this paper, we try to unravel some of the unintended and intended academic effects associated with post-Soviet educational reforms by focusing on three cases: Estonia, Latvia and Russia. We have chosen this comparison because a unique ‘natural experiment’ in the three countries allows us to compare the changing academic performance on an international test of a largely similar population in the three countries—Russian origin students attending Russian-medium schools—subjected to three variations of post-Soviet reforms. We find that relative to students in Russia, Russian-medium students in the Baltics made significant gains in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test. In Latvia, these appear to be an unintended effect of somewhat ‘softened’ state language policies, the conditions surrounding minority rights, and the general context of maintaining social cohesion. In Estonia, the (later) relative gains of Russian students appear to an intended effect of locally grown educational (and language) policies and increased, more effective cooperation with Russian medium schools to further improve PISA performance in a relatively high scoring, PISA-focused country.
- 3 March 2016
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Oxford Review of Education
- Vol. 42 (2) , 178-199
The unintended and intended academic consequences of educational reforms: the cases of Post-Soviet Estonia, Latvia and Russia
In this paper, we try to unravel some of the unintended and intended academic effects associated with post-Soviet educational reforms by focusing on three cases: Estonia, Latvia and Russia. We have chosen this comparison because a unique ‘natural experiment’ in the three countries allows us to compare the changing academic performance on an international test of a largely similar population in the three countries—Russian origin students attending Russian-medium schools—subjected to three variations of post-Soviet reforms. We find that relative to students in Russia, Russian-medium students in the Baltics made significant gains in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test. In Latvia, these appear to be an unintended effect of somewhat ‘softened’ state language policies, the conditions surrounding minority rights, and the general context of maintaining social cohesion. In Estonia, the (later) relative gains of Russian students appear to an intended effect of locally grown educational (and language) policies and increased, more effective cooperation with Russian medium schools to further improve PISA performance in a relatively high scoring, PISA-focused country.
- Open Access
- 22 September 2015
- Published by Springer Nature in Higher Education
- Vol. 72 (1) , 1-24
Estimating the economic payoff to virtual university education: a case study of the Open University of Catalonia
- 22 September 2015
- Published by Springer Nature in Higher Education
- Vol. 72 (1) , 1-24
Open AccessEstimating the economic payoff to virtual university education: a case study of the Open University of Catalonia
- Open Access
- 1 September 2015
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in Cadernos de Pesquisa
- Vol. 45 (157) , 450-485
A educação brasileira está melhorando? Evidências do PISA e SAEB
Neste texto medimos as mudanças das pontuações em matemática e leitura dos alunos brasileiros favorecidos e desfavorecidos no Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos - Pisa - entre 2000 e 2012 e no Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica - Saeb - no período de 1995 a 2013, a fim de extrair algumas conclusões provisórias em relação à variação da efetividade do ensino básico brasileiro (1ª a 8ª/9ª séries). Nossos achados mostram que os ganhos no teste de matemática do Pisa são muito maiores do que no teste de leitura. Os ganhos (ou sua ausência) entre 1999 e 2013 no teste do Saeb são também maiores em matemática que em português. Parte do ganho no teste de matemática do Pisa e a maior parte do ganho no teste de leitura resultam do aumento gradual no tempo que os alunos com a idade de quinze anos passam na escola. Os ganhos no Pisa para os estudantes brasileiros mais favorecidos são menores do que entre aqueles com níveis baixos de recursos acadêmicos familiares, o que também se verifica no teste do Saeb.
- 1 September 2015
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in Cadernos de Pesquisa
- Vol. 45 (157) , 450-485
Open AccessA educação brasileira está melhorando? Evidências do PISA e SAEB
Neste texto medimos as mudanças das pontuações em matemática e leitura dos alunos brasileiros favorecidos e desfavorecidos no Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos - Pisa - entre 2000 e 2012 e no Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica - Saeb - no período de 1995 a 2013, a fim de extrair algumas conclusões provisórias em relação à variação da efetividade do ensino básico brasileiro (1ª a 8ª/9ª séries). Nossos achados mostram que os ganhos no teste de matemática do Pisa são muito maiores do que no teste de leitura. Os ganhos (ou sua ausência) entre 1999 e 2013 no teste do Saeb são também maiores em matemática que em português. Parte do ganho no teste de matemática do Pisa e a maior parte do ganho no teste de leitura resultam do aumento gradual no tempo que os alunos com a idade de quinze anos passam na escola. Os ganhos no Pisa para os estudantes brasileiros mais favorecidos são menores do que entre aqueles com níveis baixos de recursos acadêmicos familiares, o que também se verifica no teste do Saeb.
- 1 May 2015
- Published by University of Chicago Press in Comparative Education Review
- Vol. 59 (2) , 199-233
The Role of Classroom Resources and National Educational Context in Student Learning Gains: Comparing Botswana, Kenya, and South Africa
- 1 May 2015
- Published by University of Chicago Press in Comparative Education Review
- Vol. 59 (2) , 199-233
The Role of Classroom Resources and National Educational Context in Student Learning Gains: Comparing Botswana, Kenya, and South Africa
- 18 March 2015
- Published by Springer Nature in Society
- Vol. 52 (2) , 122-128
What International Test Scores Tell Us
- 18 March 2015
- Published by Springer Nature in Society
- Vol. 52 (2) , 122-128
What International Test Scores Tell Us
- 25 February 2014
- Published by Springer Nature in Higher Education
- Vol. 68 (3) , 359-378
The concept of public goods, the state, and higher education finance: a view from the BRICs
- 25 February 2014
- Published by Springer Nature in Higher Education
- Vol. 68 (3) , 359-378
The concept of public goods, the state, and higher education finance: a view from the BRICs
- 1 January 2014
- Published by Elsevier in SSRN Electronic Journal
Is Brazilian Education Improving? A Comparative Foray Using PISA and SAEB Brazil Test Scores
We use a national Brazilian test (SAEB) and an international test (PISA) to measure whether Brazilian students 13-15 years old improved their mathematics and la
- 1 January 2014
- Published by Elsevier in SSRN Electronic Journal
Is Brazilian Education Improving? A Comparative Foray Using PISA and SAEB Brazil Test Scores
We use a national Brazilian test (SAEB) and an international test (PISA) to measure whether Brazilian students 13-15 years old improved their mathematics and la