Achim Breitfuß

From the actual point of view, the “sensitive period” for the effects of hearing impairment on speech and language development is within the first year of life. Early exposure to acoustic or electric stimulation can compensate for the acoustic deficit. A regional-based, specifically designed concept of a universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) was started in Hamburg in the year 2002. For the first time in Germany, a comprehensive protocol including screening measurement, follow-up procedures, tracking, and early intervention was implemented. An interdisciplinary approach from the very beginning could be realized. Sixty-three thousand, four hundred fifty-nine out of 65,466 births were registered during the period August 2002 to July 2006, 93% were primarily screened. 3.3% failed the test and 31.3% were lost to follow-up. A total of 118 children were diagnosed with hearing loss in the follow-up. The median age at time of diagnosis was 3.5 months. Seventy-four children received hearing aids. Out of these 74 children, 6 were subsequently supplied with cochlear implants. The high lost-to-follow-up rate is the biggest challenge for the tracking. Our results will be discussed in part II.

Previously presented results of the newborn hearing screening in Hamburg and the perspectives are subsequently discussed. Minimum standards referring a participation of 95% of the neonates and a fail rate of less than 4% hearing-impaired children at the primary screening are fulfilled in Hamburg. Systematic screening of newborn hearing by an interdisciplinary approach provides early identification and intervention for children with permanent unilateral and bilateral hearing loss. But a newborn hearing screening on a voluntary basis alone cannot be maintained in the long run. Further, an anonymous data collection is not sufficient in regard to an uninterrupted tracking of conspicuous and unscreened neonates. A lost-to-follow-up rate of 31.3% at primary screening in Hamburg is much too high and emphasizes the need for a public health approach to a population-based newborn hearing screening with an elaborate and name-based tracking system. The legislation and implementation of a nationwide newborn hearing screening program in Germany and the association of German newborn hearing screening centers are highlighting long efforts of hearing professionals. But the implementation of a newborn hearing screening only makes sense if there exists an efficient tracking system. Sad to say, we are still a long way from the implementation of such a tracking system.