Lun Zhang

The product of M complex random Gaussian matrices of size N has recently been studied by Akemann, Kieburg and Wei. They showed that, for fixed M and N, the joint probability distribution for the squared singular values of the product matrix forms a determinantal point process with a correlation kernel determined by certain biorthogonal polynomials that can be explicitly constructed. We find that, in the case M=2, the relevant biorthogonal polynomials are actually special cases of multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with Macdonald functions (modified Bessel functions of the second kind) which was first introduced by Van Assche and Yakubovich. With known results on asymptotic zero distribution of these polynomials and general theory on multiple orthogonal polynomial ensembles, it is then easy to obtain an explicit expression for the distribution of squared singular values for the product of two complex random Gaussian matrices in the limit of large matrix dimensions.

The product of M complex random Gaussian matrices of size N has recently been studied by Akemann, Kieburg, and Wei. They showed that, for fixed M and N, the joint probability distribution for the squared singular values of the product matrix forms a determinantal point process with a correlation kernel determined by certain biorthogonal polynomials that can be explicitly constructed. We find that, in the case M = 2, the relevant biorthogonal polynomials are actually special cases of multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with Macdonald functions (modified Bessel functions of the second kind) which was first introduced by Van Assche and Yakubovich. With known results on asymptotic zero distribution of these polynomials and general theory on multiple orthogonal polynomial ensembles, it is then easy to obtain an explicit expression for the distribution of squared singular values for the product of two complex random Gaussian matrices in the limit of large matrix dimensions.

We study the recurrence coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials with respect to a semi-classical extension of the Krawtchouk weight. We derive a coupled discrete system for these coefficients and show that they satisfy the fifth Painlev\'e equation when viewed as functions of one of the parameters in the weight.

We show that the coefficients of the three-term recurrence relation for orthogonal polynomials with respect to a semi-classical extension of the Laguerre weight satisfy the fourth Painlev\'e equation when viewed as functions of one of the parameters in the weight. We compare different approaches to derive this result, namely, the ladder operators approach, the isomonodromy deformations approach and combining the Toda system for the recurrence coefficients with a discrete equation. We also discuss a relation between the recurrence coefficients for the Freud weight and the semi-classical Laguerre weight and show how it arises from the B\"acklund transformation of the fourth Painlev\'e equation.

We study a model of n one‐dimensional, nonintersecting Brownian motions with two prescribed starting points at time t = 0 and two prescribed ending points at time t = 1 in a critical regime where the paths fill two tangent ellipses in the time‐space plane as n → ∞. The limiting mean density for the positions of the Brownian paths at the time of tangency consists of two touching semicircles, possibly of different sizes. We show that in an appropriate double scaling limit, there is a new family of limiting determinantal point processes with integrable correlation kernels that are expressed in terms of a new Riemann‐Hilbert problem of size 4 × 4. We prove solvability of the Riemann‐Hilbert problem and establish a remarkable connection with the Hastings‐McLeod solution of the Painlevé II equation. We show that this Painlevé II transcendent also appears in the critical limits of the recurrence coefficients of the multiple Hermite polynomials that are associated with the nonintersecting Brownian motions. Universality suggests that the new limiting kernels apply to more general situations whenever a limiting mean density vanishes according to two touching square roots, which represents a new universality class. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

We study the asymptotic zero distribution of type II multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with two Macdonald functions (modified Bessel functions of the second kind). Based on the four-term recurrence relation, it is shown that, after proper scaling, the sequence of normalized zero counting measures converges weakly to the first component of a vector of two measures which satisfies a vector equilibrium problem with two external fields. We also give the explicit formula for the equilibrium vector in terms of solutions of an algebraic equation.