Jean-Philippe Echard
Research Subjects
Jean-Philippe Echard has a total of 57 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Loïc Bertrand
Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
8 shared publications Mathieu Thoury
IPANEMA USR 3461
5 shared publicationsAgnès Lattuati-Derieux
4 shared publicationsBertrand Lavédrine
4 shared publications- Gaël Latour
Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, Inserm, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 1 , 91120 Palaiseau
4 shared publications Balthazar Soulier
Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Institut für Technologie der Malerei, Stuttgart, Germany
3 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 1 January 2024
- Published by OpenEdition in Technè
- Vol. 57 (57) , 96-103
Retour d’expérience, retour à l’expérience. Une revisite du vocabulaire, des images et des protocoles de l’étude synchrotron des vernis de lutherie
Cette contribution part de l’expérience de nombreuses « manips » entre 2006 et 2014, dans le cadre d’un projet portant sur l’étude des techniques de vernissage dans la fabrication des instruments de musique en Europe entre le xvie et le xviiie siècle. Ces travaux qui occupaient alors les équipes du musée de la Musique, du laboratoire IPANEMA et des autres partenaires concernaient l’étude à micro-échelle de prélèvements de vernis de certains instruments de musique anciens, notamment sur grand instrument. Rétrospectivement, cette période apparaît aux auteurs comme celle où ils ont réinterrogé des méthodologies du « travail de la recherche » qui pouvaient sembler acquises dans le domaine des objets du patrimoine : questions d’hétérogénéité au regard des développements des méthodes d’imagerie, ou bien d’analyse ponctuelle, de représentativité ; questions de terminologies, de concepts – de langage. Nous discutons la manière dont cette expérience commune conduit à questionner le rôle du lieu de l’expérience pour favoriser la production d’une réflexion sur les méthodes, et le rôle de l’écriture – la mise en mots, en schémas, en figures – comme mode de construction d’une interdisciplinarité pratique : le travail progressif de coalescence, au sein d’une équipe interdisciplinaire traversée d’enjeux collectifs comme individuels, de concordances et de discordances, d’une expression des idées et concepts, d’un propos qui fait consensus.
- 1 January 2024
- Published by OpenEdition in Technè
- Vol. 57 (57) , 96-103
Open AccessRetour d’expérience, retour à l’expérience. Une revisite du vocabulaire, des images et des protocoles de l’étude synchrotron des vernis de lutherie
Cette contribution part de l’expérience de nombreuses « manips » entre 2006 et 2014, dans le cadre d’un projet portant sur l’étude des techniques de vernissage dans la fabrication des instruments de musique en Europe entre le xvie et le xviiie siècle. Ces travaux qui occupaient alors les équipes du musée de la Musique, du laboratoire IPANEMA et des autres partenaires concernaient l’étude à micro-échelle de prélèvements de vernis de certains instruments de musique anciens, notamment sur grand instrument. Rétrospectivement, cette période apparaît aux auteurs comme celle où ils ont réinterrogé des méthodologies du « travail de la recherche » qui pouvaient sembler acquises dans le domaine des objets du patrimoine : questions d’hétérogénéité au regard des développements des méthodes d’imagerie, ou bien d’analyse ponctuelle, de représentativité ; questions de terminologies, de concepts – de langage. Nous discutons la manière dont cette expérience commune conduit à questionner le rôle du lieu de l’expérience pour favoriser la production d’une réflexion sur les méthodes, et le rôle de l’écriture – la mise en mots, en schémas, en figures – comme mode de construction d’une interdisciplinarité pratique : le travail progressif de coalescence, au sein d’une équipe interdisciplinaire traversée d’enjeux collectifs comme individuels, de concordances et de discordances, d’une expression des idées et concepts, d’un propos qui fait consensus.
- Open Access
- 1 January 2021
- Published by OpenEdition in Technè
- Vol. 52, 75-81
Vers une datation de l’instrument de musique par la mesure vibro-acoustique ? Étude d’un corpus de violoncelles du Musée de la musique
Vu de loin, quoi de plus ressemblant à un violoncelle qu’un autre violoncelle ? Cependant, à y regarder de plus près, dimensions et courbes plus ou moins élancées, couleurs des vernis, surfaces des ouïes sont autant de descripteurs qui pourraient permettre l’attribution d’un instrument à une école de facture historique, et l’association d’un instrument de facteur inconnu à une période musicale. En plus de ces données géométriques, les instruments de musique, même s’ils ne sont plus conservés, pour la plupart, en état de jeu, recèlent une information intrinsèque sur leur potentialité acoustique : leur comportement vibratoire en réponse à une légère impulsion, appelée réponse impulsionnelle. Cette grandeur peut être considérée comme la signature mécanique de l’instrument de musique dans la mesure où elle est unique pour chaque instrument et dépend de nombreux paramètres : géométrie, procédés d’assemblages, nature des matériaux, état de conservation.Le présent article propose de démontrer la pertinence d’utiliser des outils statistiques simples pour croiser les données géométriques, vibratoires, historiques et géographiques de grands corpus d’instruments de musique patrimoniaux et éclairer ainsi d’un nouveau regard l’histoire de leurs valeurs culturelles, matérielles et immatérielles. Appliquée à un corpus de 48 violoncelles du Musée de la musique fabriqués entre 1750 et 1900 dans différents ateliers d’Europe, la méthodologie présentée fournit des résultats préliminaires cohérents quant à la possibilité d’utiliser données géométriques et vibratoires pour identifier l’époque et l’atelier de facture d’un instrument donné, et informer sur la datation des transformations matérielles que cet instrument a subies avant de parvenir jusqu’à nous.
- 1 January 2021
- Published by OpenEdition in Technè
- Vol. 52, 75-81
Open AccessVers une datation de l’instrument de musique par la mesure vibro-acoustique ? Étude d’un corpus de violoncelles du Musée de la musique
Vu de loin, quoi de plus ressemblant à un violoncelle qu’un autre violoncelle ? Cependant, à y regarder de plus près, dimensions et courbes plus ou moins élancées, couleurs des vernis, surfaces des ouïes sont autant de descripteurs qui pourraient permettre l’attribution d’un instrument à une école de facture historique, et l’association d’un instrument de facteur inconnu à une période musicale. En plus de ces données géométriques, les instruments de musique, même s’ils ne sont plus conservés, pour la plupart, en état de jeu, recèlent une information intrinsèque sur leur potentialité acoustique : leur comportement vibratoire en réponse à une légère impulsion, appelée réponse impulsionnelle. Cette grandeur peut être considérée comme la signature mécanique de l’instrument de musique dans la mesure où elle est unique pour chaque instrument et dépend de nombreux paramètres : géométrie, procédés d’assemblages, nature des matériaux, état de conservation.Le présent article propose de démontrer la pertinence d’utiliser des outils statistiques simples pour croiser les données géométriques, vibratoires, historiques et géographiques de grands corpus d’instruments de musique patrimoniaux et éclairer ainsi d’un nouveau regard l’histoire de leurs valeurs culturelles, matérielles et immatérielles. Appliquée à un corpus de 48 violoncelles du Musée de la musique fabriqués entre 1750 et 1900 dans différents ateliers d’Europe, la méthodologie présentée fournit des résultats préliminaires cohérents quant à la possibilité d’utiliser données géométriques et vibratoires pour identifier l’époque et l’atelier de facture d’un instrument donné, et informer sur la datation des transformations matérielles que cet instrument a subies avant de parvenir jusqu’à nous.
- 1 October 2017
- Published by Elsevier in Journal of Cultural Heritage
- Vol. 27, S34-S43
Reconstructing historical recipes of linseed oil/colophony varnishes: Influence of preparation processes on application properties
- 1 October 2017
- Published by Elsevier in Journal of Cultural Heritage
- Vol. 27, S34-S43
Reconstructing historical recipes of linseed oil/colophony varnishes: Influence of preparation processes on application properties
- 27 December 2016
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Cryptologia
- Vol. 41 (5) , 448-458
A harmonious encoding of instrument values by a nineteenth-century Parisian violin dealer
The study of three ledgers from the archives of a prominent Parisian violin maker’s workshop (active from 1796 to 1948) reveals that some of their content was encrypted. Presented here are the deciphering of the code and a discussion of its use in the context of the workshop. Charles-Adolphe Gand introduced this code around 1847 to encrypt values of antique/used violins he would buy and resell. His successors maintained the use of this code at least until 1921. Taking a few examples of instruments by Stradivari and other violin makers, researchers illustrate how the decoded ledgers (listing transactions for more than 2,500 instruments) are of high interest as historical sources documenting the margins, rebates, and commercial practices of these violin dealers. More generally, this article will contribute to better describing the evolution of the market for antique instruments of the violin family.
- 27 December 2016
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Cryptologia
- Vol. 41 (5) , 448-458
A harmonious encoding of instrument values by a nineteenth-century Parisian violin dealer
The study of three ledgers from the archives of a prominent Parisian violin maker’s workshop (active from 1796 to 1948) reveals that some of their content was encrypted. Presented here are the deciphering of the code and a discussion of its use in the context of the workshop. Charles-Adolphe Gand introduced this code around 1847 to encrypt values of antique/used violins he would buy and resell. His successors maintained the use of this code at least until 1921. Taking a few examples of instruments by Stradivari and other violin makers, researchers illustrate how the decoded ledgers (listing transactions for more than 2,500 instruments) are of high interest as historical sources documenting the margins, rebates, and commercial practices of these violin dealers. More generally, this article will contribute to better describing the evolution of the market for antique instruments of the violin family.
- 1 May 2016
- Published by Elsevier in Microchemical Journal
- Vol. 126, 200-213
Historical linseed oil/colophony varnishes formulations: Study of their molecular composition with micro-chemical chromatographic techniques
- 1 May 2016
- Published by Elsevier in Microchemical Journal
- Vol. 126, 200-213
Historical linseed oil/colophony varnishes formulations: Study of their molecular composition with micro-chemical chromatographic techniques
- 22 May 2015
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in The Analyst
- Vol. 140 (15) , 5344-5353
Synchrotron DUV luminescence micro-imaging to identify and map historical organic coatings on wood
Deep ultraviolet (DUV) photoluminescence (PL) microimaging is an emerging approach to characterise materials from historical artefacts (see M. Thoury, J.-P. Echard, M. Réfrégiers, B. H. Berrie, A. Nevin, F. Jamme and L. Bertrand, Anal. Chem., 2011, 83, 1737–1745). Here we further assess the potential of the method to access a deeper understanding of multi-layered varnishes coating wooden violins and lutes. Cross-section micro samples from important 16th- to 18th-century instruments were investigated using synchrotron PL microimaging and microspectroscopy. Excitation was performed in the DUV and the near ultraviolet (NUV) regions, and emission recorded from the DUV to the visible region, at a submicrometric spatial resolution. Intercomparison of microspectroscopy and microimaging was made possible by radiometrically correcting PL spectra both in excitation and emission. Based on an optimised selection of emission and excitation bands, the specific PL features of the organic binding materials allowed a vastly enhanced discrimination between collagen-based sizing layers and oil/resin-based layers compared to epiluminescence microscopy. PL therefore appears to be a very promising analytical tool to provide new insights into the diversity of surface coating techniques used by instrument-makers. More generally, our results demonstrate the potential of synchrotron PL for studying complex heterogeneous materials beyond the core application of the technique to life sciences.
- 22 May 2015
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in The Analyst
- Vol. 140 (15) , 5344-5353
Synchrotron DUV luminescence micro-imaging to identify and map historical organic coatings on wood
Deep ultraviolet (DUV) photoluminescence (PL) microimaging is an emerging approach to characterise materials from historical artefacts (see M. Thoury, J.-P. Echard, M. Réfrégiers, B. H. Berrie, A. Nevin, F. Jamme and L. Bertrand, Anal. Chem., 2011, 83, 1737–1745). Here we further assess the potential of the method to access a deeper understanding of multi-layered varnishes coating wooden violins and lutes. Cross-section micro samples from important 16th- to 18th-century instruments were investigated using synchrotron PL microimaging and microspectroscopy. Excitation was performed in the DUV and the near ultraviolet (NUV) regions, and emission recorded from the DUV to the visible region, at a submicrometric spatial resolution. Intercomparison of microspectroscopy and microimaging was made possible by radiometrically correcting PL spectra both in excitation and emission. Based on an optimised selection of emission and excitation bands, the specific PL features of the organic binding materials allowed a vastly enhanced discrimination between collagen-based sizing layers and oil/resin-based layers compared to epiluminescence microscopy. PL therefore appears to be a very promising analytical tool to provide new insights into the diversity of surface coating techniques used by instrument-makers. More generally, our results demonstrate the potential of synchrotron PL for studying complex heterogeneous materials beyond the core application of the technique to life sciences.
- 1 April 2015
- Published by SAGE Publications in Applied Spectroscopy
- Vol. 69 (4) , 430-441
Implementation of a Neural Network for Multispectral Luminescence Imaging of Lake Pigment Paints
Luminescence multispectral imaging is a developing and promising technique in the fields of conservation science and cultural heritage studies. In this article, we present a new methodology for recording the spatially resolved luminescence properties of objects. This methodology relies on the development of a lab-made multispectral camera setup optimized to collect low-yield luminescence images. In addition to a classic data preprocessing procedure to reduce noise on the data, we present an innovative method, based on a neural network algorithm, that allows us to obtain radiometrically calibrated luminescence spectra with increased spectral resolution from the low-spectral resolution acquisitions. After preliminary corrections, a neural network is trained using the 15-band multispectral luminescence acquisitions and corresponding spot spectroscopy luminescence data. This neural network is then used to retrieve a megapixel multispectral cube between 460 and 710 nm with a 5 nm resolution from a low-spectral-resolution multispectral acquisition. The resulting data are independent from the detection chain of the imaging system (filter transmittance, spectral sensitivity of the lens and optics, etc.). As a result, the image cube provides radiometrically calibrated emission spectra with increased spectral resolution. For each pixel, we can thus retrieve a spectrum comparable to those obtained with conventional luminescence spectroscopy. We apply this method to a panel of lake pigment paints and discuss the pertinence and perspectives of this new approach.
- 1 April 2015
- Published by SAGE Publications in Applied Spectroscopy
- Vol. 69 (4) , 430-441
Implementation of a Neural Network for Multispectral Luminescence Imaging of Lake Pigment Paints
Luminescence multispectral imaging is a developing and promising technique in the fields of conservation science and cultural heritage studies. In this article, we present a new methodology for recording the spatially resolved luminescence properties of objects. This methodology relies on the development of a lab-made multispectral camera setup optimized to collect low-yield luminescence images. In addition to a classic data preprocessing procedure to reduce noise on the data, we present an innovative method, based on a neural network algorithm, that allows us to obtain radiometrically calibrated luminescence spectra with increased spectral resolution from the low-spectral resolution acquisitions. After preliminary corrections, a neural network is trained using the 15-band multispectral luminescence acquisitions and corresponding spot spectroscopy luminescence data. This neural network is then used to retrieve a megapixel multispectral cube between 460 and 710 nm with a 5 nm resolution from a low-spectral-resolution multispectral acquisition. The resulting data are independent from the detection chain of the imaging system (filter transmittance, spectral sensitivity of the lens and optics, etc.). As a result, the image cube provides radiometrically calibrated emission spectra with increased spectral resolution. For each pixel, we can thus retrieve a spectrum comparable to those obtained with conventional luminescence spectroscopy. We apply this method to a panel of lake pigment paints and discuss the pertinence and perspectives of this new approach.
- 30 May 2013
- Published by SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- p. 87900L-87900L-6
Multiphoton microscopy: an efficient tool for in-situ study of cultural heritage artifacts
- 30 May 2013
- Published by SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- p. 87900L-87900L-6
Multiphoton microscopy: an efficient tool for in-situ study of cultural heritage artifacts
- 14 March 2013
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in The Analyst
- Vol. 138 (16) , 4463-4469
A multiscalar photoluminescence approach to discriminate among semiconducting historical zinc white pigments
In order to fully characterize the zinc white artists' pigment (ZnO), much used since the mid-nineteenth century, three samples collected in the early 20th century were studied using a combination of synchrotron and macroscopic photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging. An improved microscope setup based on synchrotron microspectroscopy and microimaging was used to study the powders dispersed onto indium foil. The synchrotron setup offered a diffraction-limited resolution of 153 nm. The PL spectra of individual grains were measured and the distribution of particles' emission spectra was mapped at the nanoscale. The results revealed that while the samples have apparent homogeneous photoluminescence behavior at the macroscale (bulk), their PL signatures are inhomogeneous below 20 μm. At the nanoscale the three powder samples have quite different PL signatures. Different sources, perhaps even different batches, of zinc white might be readily differentiated using this method.
- 14 March 2013
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in The Analyst
- Vol. 138 (16) , 4463-4469
A multiscalar photoluminescence approach to discriminate among semiconducting historical zinc white pigments
In order to fully characterize the zinc white artists' pigment (ZnO), much used since the mid-nineteenth century, three samples collected in the early 20th century were studied using a combination of synchrotron and macroscopic photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging. An improved microscope setup based on synchrotron microspectroscopy and microimaging was used to study the powders dispersed onto indium foil. The synchrotron setup offered a diffraction-limited resolution of 153 nm. The PL spectra of individual grains were measured and the distribution of particles' emission spectra was mapped at the nanoscale. The results revealed that while the samples have apparent homogeneous photoluminescence behavior at the macroscale (bulk), their PL signatures are inhomogeneous below 20 μm. At the nanoscale the three powder samples have quite different PL signatures. Different sources, perhaps even different batches, of zinc white might be readily differentiated using this method.
- 12 October 2012
- Published by Optica Publishing Group in Optics Express
- Vol. 20 (22) , 24623-24635
In situ 3D characterization of historical coatings and wood using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy
Optics InfoBase is the Optical Society's online library for flagship journals, partnered and copublished journals, and recent proceedings from OSA conferences.
- 12 October 2012
- Published by Optica Publishing Group in Optics Express
- Vol. 20 (22) , 24623-24635
In situ 3D characterization of historical coatings and wood using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy
Optics InfoBase is the Optical Society's online library for flagship journals, partnered and copublished journals, and recent proceedings from OSA conferences.