Ambar Khaira

We present a case of a 64-year-old man, a kidney transplant recipient with acute pyelonephritis and acute graft deterioration. He was diagnosed with Actinobaculum schaalii infection in urine cultures. He was treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks and recovered well. The case describes an unusual pathogenic infection in a kidney transplant patient.

Heroin exposure can cause various complications like seizures, stroke, spongiform encephalopathy, transverse myelopathy, plexopathy, compartment syndrome, rhabdomyolysis and renal failure due to various mechanisms. We report here a young male who smoked heroin for the first time and developed transverse myelitis, rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. His renal recovery was complete by four weeks, while neurological improvement occurred 8 to 12 weeks later. This case suggests a common pathogenic mechanism of heroin intoxication involving multiple systems of the body.

The cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) preceeded by diarrhea are commonly labeled as D+ HUS. However, with severe renal failure or with delayed recovery, such cases should be evaluated for rarer associations like Factor H (FH), I and CD 46 deficiency or mutations. We report such a presentation of a young boy who initially came with diarrhea and had features of HUS with delayed renal recovery. He later turned out to have anti-FH antibody-related HUS.

Dengue virus infection can clinically manifest as dengue fever, dengue shock syndrome and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Acute kidney injury as a result of dengue virus infection can occur due to various reasons including hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, sepsis and rarely immune complex mediated glomerular injury. However, glomerulonephritis associated with IgA Nephropathy in dengue virus infection has not been reported previously. We report a case of 15-year-old boy who was admitted with dengue fever and dialysis dependant acute kidney injury. Urine examination showed microscopic glomerular hematuria and proteinuria. Kidney biopsy showed mesangial proliferation with mesangial IgA dominant immune complex deposits and acute tubular necrosis. A repeated kidney biopsy 6 weeks after clinical recovery showed reversal of glomerular changes as well as resolution of mesangial IgA deposits.