Aysun Cireli

The aim of this study was to develop a method to dye polyethylene terephthalate fabrics to light and medium shades at 95 °C without the use of carriers, dispersing agents, or reducing agents and to evaluate the effectiveness of monocationic and dicationic ionic liquids as auxiliary chemicals in the dyebath. Four ionic liquids were employed: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1,4-bis(3-methylimidazolium)butane dibromide, and 1,4-bis(3-methyl imidazolium)butane dichloride. Dye exhaustion increased from 31.5% in the IL-free control sample to 88.4% in the presence of 10 g/L of the dibromide-based dicationic ionic liquid. Although different crystallinity values were obtained using different analytical techniques, both methods indicated lower crystallinity in the corresponding dyed sample than in the control. Considering the nonlinear nature of polyethylene terephthalate fabric dyeing, machine learning models were employed to predict color strength based on ionic liquid type, concentration, and measured color coordinates. The models’ performance was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation and complementary statistical metrics. Shapley Additive Explanations analysis was employed to interpret the contributions of input variables to model predictions. The results identified ionic liquid concentration and type as the most influential features in the selected model, followed by colorimetric descriptors.

In this study, the structural, electrical, and electromagnetic properties of cotton fabrics coated with polyaniline (PAni) and polypyrrole (PPy) were investigated and compared. For the aims, anilin and pyrrole were used as monomers, andin situpolymerization on cotton fabric by chemical oxidative polymerization was performed. After production, the structural properties of the fabrics were determined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. In addition, ultraviolet (UV) permeability, tensile strength, colorfastness, and electrical and electromagnetic measurements of the fabric samples were carried out. The resistance values of the cotton fabrics coated with PAni and PPy were found to be 350 and 512 Ω, respectively. The average electromagnetic shielding efficiency and average absorption values of the cotton fabrics coated with PAni were determined to be 3.8 dB and 48%, respectively, and these values for the cotton fabrics coated with PPy were 6 dB and 50%, respectively. Consequently, a significant difference was not observed between the resistance values and electromagnetic parameters of the fabrics coated with PAni and PPy, although the intact textile characteristics of the fabric coated with PPy were protected and improved, whereas the characteristics of the fabric coated with PAni were inferior. Moreover, we first report that the fabrics coated with conductive polymers had excellent UV‐protection properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

In this study, we aimed to produce fabrics with microwave absorbing properties in broad band. For this purpose, the cotton fabrics were coated with polyaniline (PAni) by using chemical oxidative polymerization method. Firstly, the type of protonic acid used, the polymerization time, the type and concentration of dopant, and the number of coating layer were varied as parameters. The effect of these parameters on resistance values of coated fabrics was investigated. We determined the most appropriate process conditions to provide the lowest resistance values. Secondly, the fabric was coated with PAni by adding barium ferrite powder as filler with different ratios. Morphological properties, electrical, and electromagnetic properties of coated fabrics were determined. As a result, we obtained 350 Ω of the minimum resistance values of coated fabric using 1M HCl, 0.5M aniline and 0.5M ammonium persulphate by chemical oxidative polymerization method for totally 4 h of polymerization time. The results of electromagnetic parameters showed that the absorption values of the fabric coated PAni was average 48% in the frequency range of 6–14 GHz. It was concluded that microwave absorber for a textile material can be successfully produced by this process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

Cotton fabrics were dyed with reactive, direct, and basic dyes by sol‐gel process and exhausting process. As to this aim, the solutions of reactive, direct, and basic dyes were prepared by sol‐gel process and then cotton fabrics were treated at 80°C for 10 min with these solutions and dried at 120°C for 20 min. Dyeing solutions contained tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3‐glycidoxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane as precursor, ethanol and water as solvent for sol‐gel process. The wash fastness, light fastness, rubbing fastness and the degree of leaching, the light fading value, and dyeing yield of dyeings were evaluated. Moreover, the effect on dyeing yield, fastnesses, leaching, and fading properties of adding of sodium acetate trihydrate in dyeing solutions for sol‐gel process was firstly studied. It was found that the dyeing yield of dyed cotton fabrics with the direct dyes significantly improved with using sol‐gel process with adding sodium acetate trihydrate in comparison with exhausting process. The color fastness values to washing and to light of the basic dyeing increased with using sol‐gel process without adding sodium acetate trihydrate in comparison with exhausting process. The degree of leaching of dyed fabrics with the basic and reactive dyes decreased with using sol‐gel process with adding sodium acetate trihydrate in comparison with exhausting process. The light fading value of dyed cotton fabrics with the basic and direct dyes after 120 h irridation decreased with using sol‐gel process with adding sodium acetate trihydrate in comparison with exhausting process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

In this study, flame retardancy properties of fabrics treated with phosphorous (P) doped and undoped SiO₂ thin films were developed by sol–gel technique. As to this aim, P‐doped and undoped SiO₂ film were coated on cotton fabric from the solutions prepared from P, Si‐based precursors, solvent, and chelating agent at low temperature in air using sol–gel technique. To determine solution characteristics, which affect thin film structure, turbidity, pH values, and rheological properties of the prepared solutions were measured using a turbidimeter, a pH meter, and a rheometer machines before coating process. The thermal, structural, and microstructural characterization of the coating were done using differential thermal analysis/thermograviometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, tensile strength, wash fastness, flame retandancy, and lightness properties of the coated fabrics were determined. To compensate the slight loss of tensile strength of samples, which occurred at the treated fabrics with P‐doped Si‐based solutions, the cotton fabrics were coated with polyurethane films during second step. In conclusion, the flame retardant cotton fabric with durability of washing as halogen‐free without requiring after treatment with formaldehyde was fabricated using sol–gel processing for the first time. Moreover the cotton fabrics, which were treated with P‐doped Si‐based solutions and then coated with polyurethane at second step, still has got nonflammable property. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007

In this study, the surface characteristics of polyester and polyamide fabrics were changed by plasma polymerization technique utilizing acrylic acid as precursor. This monomer was used to produce hydrophilic materials with extended absorbency. The hydrophilicity, total wrinkle recovery angle (WRA°) and breaking strength of the fabrics were determined prior and after plasma polymerization treatment. The modification of surfaces was carried out at low pressure (<100 Pa) and low temperature (<50°C) plasma conditions. The effects of exposure time and discharge power parameters were optimized by comparing properties of the fabrics before and after plasma polymerization treatments. It was shown that two sides of polyester fabric samples were treated equally and homogeneously in plasma reactor. For polyester fabrics, the minimum wetting time, 0.5 s, was observed at two plasma processing parameters of 10 W–45 min and 10 W–20 min, where untreated fabric has a wetting time of 6 s. For polyester fabrics, the maximum value was obtained at 60 W–5 min with the wrinkle recovery angle of 306° where the untreated fabric has 290°. The optimum plasma conditions for polyamide fabrics were determined as 30 W–45 min where 2 s wetting time was observed. Wrinkle recovery angle of untreated polyamide fabric was 264°. In this study, after plasma polymerization of acrylic acid, wrinkle recovery angle values were increased by 13%. No significant change was observed in breaking strength of both fabrics after plasma treatment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2318–2322, 2007