Олег Геннадьевич Савичев

Relevance. The need for a more in-depth analysis of the interactions between surface and groundwater as a condition for increasing the effectiveness of decisions in the field of use and protection of water resources. Aim. To develop and implement a methodology for constructing a single field of the water surface of a complex of surface and underground water bodies using the example of the Tomsk agro-industrial agglomeration (Russian Federation, Western Siberia). Methods. Mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. The authors have developed and tested a model of a single field of river and groundwater in the Tomsk agro-industrial agglomeration (Russian Federation, Siberian Federal District). Within the framework of the model, the authors developed the methods for approximation and interpolation of river and groundwater levels and conjugation of river and groundwater levels using conjugation points of intersecting profiles of different directions. With a minimum of initial hydrogeological information, the model makes it possible to obtain a groundwater surface, the analysis of which can be the basis for a long-term forecast of changes in water bodies when developing urban development plans and specific architectural and design solutions. The paper demonstrates the following directly for the study area with its application: 1) the temporal variability and amplitude of groundwater level fluctuations are maximum in the valley of a large river with unregulated runoff (maximum – in the Tom River valley), which, taking into account the water regime of the river, determines the degree of flooding of the valley up to "severe"; 2) the boundaries of the surface and underground watersheds of the rivers do not coincide, which, due to the unforeseen water inflow, on the one hand, reduces the effectiveness of engineering protection measures in the Lagerny Sad microdistrict, and on the other hand, the inflow of underground water from the Ob River compensates for the impact of the Tomsk underground water intake on the state of the Poros River. For citation: Savichev O.G., Nadeeva A.M. Hydrological and hydrogeological analysis of water use conditions in the city of Tomsk and Tomsk region (Russian Federation, Western Siberia). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2026, vol. 337, no. 4, pp. 127-138.

We present data on the composition and distribution of three significant components of peat organic matter (terpenoids, steroids and tocopherols) from two boreholes (H2 and H3) in the Ob Fen in Western Siberia. H2 is located closer to the edge of the peatland than H3. For borehole H2 it is shown that terpenoids and steroids are unevenly distributed along the borehole (up to 6 m depth) and their concentrations reach maxima at 0.50–0.75 m and 0.25–0.50 m, respectively. The spectrum of terpenoid and steroid components becomes broader with increasing sampling depth. The concentration of tocopherols is lower than the content of terpenoids and steroids. An uneven distribution of these components is also evident at different depths within borehole H3 (up to 5.0 m). These components generally decrease significantly in concentration with increasing depth, particularly below 2.75 m. The peat formation regime and organic matter composition differ between H2 and H3.

The organic material in water and peat collected in March 2021 from the extensive Ob Fen in Western Siberia was analysed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was shown that the process of formation and subsequent transformation of peat is characterised by the entry into the environment of large amounts of organic substances, whose genesis is currently insufficiently studied. A variety of organic compounds were identified including alkanes, fatty acids, terpenoids, alcohols and aromatics. The concentration of most contaminants decreased significantly with increasing depth of peat deposit. Compounds identified in the water were also found in the peat, indicating active exchange processes in the water-peat system. Recommendations for further study and ecological monitoring of Siberian peatlands are presented.

Relevance. The need for a more accurate assessment of the underground component of river runoff as a basis for assessing groundwater resources and solving a number of hydroecological problems. Aim. To develop a methodology and actually assess the underground component of the Ob river runoff in its middle reaches using hydrogeological and hydrological data. Methods. Mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological and hydrological materials for a conditionally homogeneous period of 1995–2015, a methodology has been developed for assessing the underground component of river runoff within the West Siberian Plain using data on average monthly discharges and river water levels in winter low water and groundwater levels (in the zone of active water exchange). The methodology is maximally adapted to the requirements of the current Russian legislation and includes an analysis of the hydrogeochemical balance and the determination of parameters that correspond to the filtration coefficient and specific groundwater inflow using mathematical statistics and optimization methods. The method was tested on the example of the Ob and large tributaries in its middle reaches. It was established that in most cases medium and large rivers are characterized by the prevalence of a descending mode of interaction between river and groundwater in general within river valleys, and the lower limit of determining the underground component of river runoff can be determined using linear interpolation between the flows in March and December. It was shown that hydrogeological conditions previously (in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene) could have contributed (and currently contribute) to the accumulation of iron compounds in the upper hydrogeodynamic zone.

Relevance. The need for scientifically based regulation of impacts on wetland ecosystems taking into account their specificity and geochemical stability. Aim. To determine the geochemical stability of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia to pollutants for two typical cases associated with: 1) operation of sludge pits; 2) discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. Methods. Mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of the results of studies of the chemical composition of wetland waters and extracts from peat and mineral soils of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (mainly in the Tomsk region, as well as in the adjacent territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions). They obtained the estimates of the average values of geochemical indicators of wetland waters and peat by the depth of the peat deposit in peat bogs with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact. The paper introduces the method for assessing the anthropogenic impact of wastewater discharge and geomigration on swamps in areas where oil and gas facilities are located (permissible concentrations in wastewater entering swamp ecosystems), taking into account the «geochemical background» and sorption capacity of peat. In particular, the authors substantiated and tested the method for assessing the values of permissible concentrations, which should be considered as a «relatively safe» level of impact on swamp ecosystems, at which secondary pollution of swamp waters is not expected. It is shown that anthropogenic changes are mainly limited vertically by the upper layer of the peat deposit up to 1–2 m, and horizontally (within the active horizon of the peat deposit) – by areas up to 100–200 m.

Relevance. The need to understand and long-term forecast the conditions of interaction between groundwater, river and swamp waters in the Ob River basin. Aim. To identify patterns of changes in the conditions of interaction of groundwater, river and swamp waters during swamping of the flat part of the Ob River basin in the Holocene. Methods. Mathematical modeling methods, statistical methods, geographical-hydrological method. Results and conclusions. The author has carried out an analysis of materials from long-term hydrogeological and hydrological observations in the wetlands of the Ob basin and studied the hydrodynamic and geochemical conditions for interaction of groundwater, river and swamp waters. It is shown that the emergence and evolution of swamp ecosystems in the territory under consideration is a complex of erosion-accumulation processes, the development of which until the modern period took place in three stages: 1) from the beginning of intense degradation of glaciation to 4...6 thousand years ago is the formation of a primary hydrographic network approximately modern appearance, distribution of peat bogs; the groundwater regime is close to the groundwater regime of the permafrost zone in the north of modern Western Siberia; 2) from 4...6 thousand years ago to 1.5...3 thousand years ago is large-scale distribution of lowland swamps and degradation of part of the primary river network; groundwater levels in river watersheds are generally lower than at present, but the amplitude of their fluctuations is high; a significant part of the watersheds are flooded during high water and floods, and underflooded during low water periods; 3) from 1.5...3 thousand years ago is degradation of a significant part of the primary river network, wide distribution of raised swamps, formation of a secondary hydrographic network in the swamps; at watersheds, groundwater levels rise, but the amplitude of their fluctuations decreases, and water exchange with swamps is significantly reduced; in the valleys of medium and large rivers, water exchange between surface and groundwater is most intense, which causes the flow of significant amounts of organic substances and products of their transformation into river and groundwater from swamps. Scenarios of possible changes in the conditions of interaction between surface and groundwater were assessed. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью понимания и долгосрочного прогноза условий взаимодействия подземных, речных и болотных вод в бассейне реки Оби. Цель: выявление закономерностей изменения условий взаимодействия подземных, речных и болотных вод при заболачивании равнинной части бассейна реки Оби в голоцене. Методы: методы математического моделирования, статистические методы, географо-гидрологический метод. Результаты и выводы. Выполнен анализ материалов многолетних гидрогеологических и гидрологических наблюдений на заболоченных территориях Обского бассейна. Изучены гидродинамические и геохимические условия взаимодействия подземных, речных и болотных вод. Показано, что возникновение и эволюция болотных экосистем на рассматриваемой территории представляет собой комплекс эрозионно-аккумулятивных процессов, развитие которого до современного периода проходило в три стадии: 1) от начала интенсивной деградации оледенения до 4…6 тыс. лет назад – формирование первичной гидрографической сети примерно современного вида, распространение торфяных болот; режим подземных вод близок к режиму подземных вод криолитозоны на севере современной Западной Сибири; 2) от 4…6 тыс. лет назад до 1,5…3 тыс. лет назад – широкомасштабное распространение низинных болот и деградация части первичной речной сети; уровни подземных вод на водоразделах рек в целом ниже, чем в настоящее время, но амплитуда их колебаний высока; значительная часть водосборов в половодье и паводки затоплена, а в межень – подтоплена; 3) от 1,5…3 тыс. лет назад – деградация значительной части первичной речной сети, широкое распространение верховых болот, формирование на болотах вторичной гидрографической сети; на водоразделах происходит подъем уровней подземных вод, но амплитуда их колебаний снижается, а водообмен с болотами существенно сокращается; в долинах средних и больших рек водообмен между поверхностными и подземными водами наиболее интенсивный, что...

Link for citation: Savichev O.G. Changes in hydrogeological conditions during bogging in the southeast of the West Siberian plain. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 187-198. In Rus. Relevance of the research is determined by the need to understand the mechanisms of interaction between groundwater, swamp and river waters in conditions of severe swampiness in the taiga zone of Western Siberia to solve a number of scientific and engineering problems both at present and in the future. The aim: quantitative assessment of changes in the levels of groundwaters during the characteristic periods of swamping of the southeast of the West Siberian Plain: 1) the beginning of an intensive spread of peat swamps with a peat deposit thickness of 0,3 m or more; 2) oligotrophization of swamps. Methods: methods of mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. The author has carried out the analysis of peat deposit structure in the southern part of the Chaya river (a tributary of the Ob river) catchment area. The large-scale formation of peat swamps (with a peat thickness of 0,3 m or more) in the area under consideration occurred approximately 4 thousand years ago; the oligotrophization of the peat deposit (on a regional scale) occurred approximately 2,0…1,5 thousand years ago. In both cases, the main part of the swamps presumably could be attributed to the lowland type, but compared with the modern period in the first case their total area was 2 times less, and in the second was 1,7 times more. Taking into account these estimates, the average values of infiltration Inf and filtration coefficients Kf were determined, the ratio Inf/Kf dependence on the area of low-moor peat swamps was obtained, and groundwater levels were calculated at the present time and for periods of 1,7 and 4,1 thousand years ago. During the oligotrophization of the peat deposit (approximately 2,0...1,5 thousand years ago), with a high probability, there was a deterioration in water exchange between swamps and underground aquifers and an increase in groundwater levels. The beginning of intensive regional swamping (about 4 thousand years ago) occurred against the background of intense water-erosion processes. This results in accumulation of river alluvium accompanied by a rise in the levels of river water and then groundwater. Ссылка для цитирования: Савичев О.Г. Изменения гидрогеологических условий при заболачивании юго-востока Западно-Сибирской равнины // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2023. – Т. 334. – №10. – С. 187-198. Актуальность определяется необходимостью понимания механизмов взаимодействия подземных, болотных и речных вод в условиях сильной заболоченности в таежной зоне Западной Сибири для решения целого ряда научных и инженерных задач как в настоящее время, так и в перспективе. Цель: количественная оценка изменения уровней подземных (грунтовых) вод в характерные периоды заболачивания юго-востока Западно-Сибирской равнины: 1) начало интенсивного распространения торфяных болот с мощностью торфяной залежи 0,3 м и более; 2) масштабная олиготрофизация болот. Методы: методы математического моделирования, статистические методы. Результаты и выводы. Проведен анализ структуры торфяной залежи в южной части водосбора реки Чая (приток реки Обь). Показано, что масштабное формирование торфяных болот (с мощностью торфа 0,3 м и более) на рассматриваемой территории происходило примерно 4 тыс. лет назад, а олиготрофизация торфяной залежи (в региональном масштабе) – примерно 2,0…1,5 тыс. лет назад. В обоих случаях основная часть болот, предположительно, могла быть отнесена к низинному типу, но, по сравнению с современным периодом, в первом случае их общая площадь была меньше в 2 раза, а во втором – больше в 1,7 раза. С учетом этих оценок определены средние значения инфильтрации Inf и коэффициентов фильтрации Kf, получена зависимость отношения Inf/Kf от площади низинных болот и выполнены расчеты уровней подземных (грунтовых) вод в настоящее время и для сроков 1,7 и 4,1 тыс. лет назад. Показано, что при олиготрофизации торфяной залежи (примерно 2,0…1,5 тыс. лет назад) с высокой вероятностью ухудшился водообмен между болотами и подземными водоносными горизонтами и выросли уровни подземных вод. Начало интенсивного регионального...

An analysis of observation data was conducted on the chemical composition of river and groundwater in the Ob River basin, covering more than 23 thousand samples taken from the network of governmental monitoring of surface and groundwater, the materials of scientific research, and engineering surveys. A model was developed for computing the total content of major ions along a stem of the Ob River. As a result, quantitative estimates of the total ion runoff and its underground component were obtained. Conclusions were drawn relating to: (1) uneven distribution of the ion flow over the Ob basin; (2) the predominant removal of dissolved solids from mountain regions and adjacent forest steppe and southern taiga areas and their accumulation in the middle taiga subzone with the maximum thickness of sedimentary cover of Mesozoic–Cenozoic deposits; (3) the influence of the main tributaries on the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Ob River, limited to only a few kilometers downstream of their mouths (the rivers of Irtysh, Chumysh, and Severnaya Sosva as exceptions); (4) the maximum impact of groundwater on river water TDS in the forest steppe and southern taiga areas of the upper and middle Ob basin and minimum impact in the flat part of the lower reaches of the Ob in forest–tundra and tundra.

Link for citation: Ilham Putra Adiyaksa, Savichev O.G., Khvashchevskaya A.A. Ecological and geochemical condition of groundwater in the region of the mud volcano in Sidoarjo (East Java province, Indonesia). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 3, рр. 51-60. In Rus. Relevance. Since 2006, the world's largest mud volcano has been happening in the eastern part of the island of Java (Indonesia), the province of East Java, the district of Sidoarjo. The surrounding areas are densely populated, which determines the constant need for high-quality drinking water. The lack of quality water is exacerbated by the influence of a mud volcano. The aim of the research is to assess the ecological and geochemical condition of groundwater in the area adjacent to the world's largest mud volcano in Sidoarjo (Indonesia, East Java province). Methods: methods for determining the chemical composition of groundwater, statistical methods, as well as mathematical modeling. Results and conclusions. The authors have obtained the preliminary assessment of the ecological and geochemical state of groundwater in the area of the mud volcano in Sidoarjo based on the results of a survey in January, February and October 2022. The result shows that groundwater in this area is assessed as: 1) freshwater with increased mineralization, bicarbonate calcium in areas outside the main direction of the slope of the earth's surface and the movement of water masses from the west-southwest to the east-northeast, limitedly suitable for domestic and drinking use (water treatment is needed for water use); 2) brackish, sodium chloride, with high contents of Hg, I, Br, B, not suitable for household and drinking use. Elevated concentrations of Na+, Cl–, I, Br, B presumably testify to the participation of marine waters in the formation of the fluid composition of the mud volcano. The genesis of Hg requires more detailed study, and, possibly, is associated with local features. In general, the most objective indicator of the impact on the state of a mud volcano is Cl– content. Recommendations are given for further hydrogeochemical studies in Sidoarjo. Ссылка для цитирования: Адьякса Илхам Путра, Савичев О.Г., Хващевская А.А. Эколого-геохимическое состояние подземных вод в районе грязевого вулкана в Сидоарджо (провинция Восточная Ява, Индонезия) // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2023. – Т. 334. – № 3. – С. 51-60. Актуальность. В восточной части острова Ява (Индонезия), в провинции Восточная Ява, округе Сидоарджо, с 2006 г. функционирует крупнейший в мире грязевой вулкан. Прилегающие территории густо заселены, что определяет постоянную потребность в качественной питьевой воде. Дефицит качественной воды усугубляется влиянием грязевого вулкана. Цель: оценка эколого-геохимического состояния грунтовых вод на территории, прилегающей к крупнейшему в мире грязевому вулкану в Сидоарджо (Индонезия, провинция Восточная Ява). Методы: методы определения химического состава грунтовых вод, статистические методы, методы математического моделирования. Результаты и выводы. Получена предварительная оценка эколого-геохимического состояния грунтовых вод в районе грязевого вулкана в Сидоарджо по результатам обследования в январе, феврале и октябре 2022 г. Показано, что грунтовые воды оцениваются как: 1) пресные с повышенной минерализацией, гидрокарбонатные кальциевые на участках вне основного направления уклона земной поверхности и движения водных масс с запада-юго-запада на восток-северо-восток, ограниченно пригодные для хозяйственно-питьевого использования (использование при условии водоподготовки); 2) солоноватые, хлоридные натриевые, с высокими содержаниями Hg, I, Br, B, не пригодные для хозяйственно-питьевого использования. Повышенные концентрации Na+, Cl–, I, Br, B, предположительно, свидетельствуют об участии в формировании состава флюидов грязевого вулкана морских вод. Генезис Hg требует более детального изучения и, возможно, связан с локальными особенностями. В целом наиболее объективным показателем влияния на состояние именно грязевого вулкана является содержание Cl–. Даны рекомендации по проведению дальнейших гидрогеохимических исследований в Сидоарджо.