Robert Riener
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Previous Organizations / Institutes
The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years
Research Subjects
Research Interests
Robert Riener has a total of 19 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
G. Colombo
2 shared publicationsR. Burgkart
2 shared publications- Tobias Nef
Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
2 shared publications E. Ruckhäberle
1 shared publicationF. Regenfelder
1 shared publication- Gery Colombo
Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 23 January 2007
- Published by Springer Nature in Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
- Vol. 4 (1) , 1
Biofeedback for robotic gait rehabilitation
Development and increasing acceptance of rehabilitation robots as well as advances in technology allow new forms of therapy for patients with neurological disorders. Robot-assisted gait therapy can increase the training duration and the intensity for the patients while reducing the physical strain for the therapist. Optimal training effects during gait therapy generally depend on appropriate feedback about performance. Compared to manual treadmill therapy, there is a loss of physical interaction between therapist and patient with robotic gait retraining. Thus, it is difficult for the therapist to assess the necessary feedback and instructions. The aim of this study was to define a biofeedback system for a gait training robot and test its usability in subjects without neurological disorders. To provide an overview of biofeedback and motivation methods applied in gait rehabilitation, previous publications and results from our own research are reviewed. A biofeedback method is presented showing how a rehabilitation robot can assess the patients' performance and deliver augmented feedback. For validation, three subjects without neurological disorders walked in a rehabilitation robot for treadmill training. Several training parameters, such as body weight support and treadmill speed, were varied to assess the robustness of the biofeedback calculation to confounding factors. The biofeedback values correlated well with the different activity levels of the subjects. Changes in body weight support and treadmill velocity had a minor effect on the biofeedback values. The synchronization of the robot and the treadmill affected the biofeedback values describing the stance phase. Robot-aided assessment and feedback can extend and improve robot-aided training devices. The presented method estimates the patients' gait performance with the use of the robot's existing sensors, and displays the resulting biofeedback values to the patients and therapists. The therapists can adapt the therapy and give further instructions to the patients. The feedback might help the patients to adapt their movement patterns and to improve their motivation. While it is assumed that these novel methods also improve training efficacy, the proof will only be possible with future in-depth clinical studies.
- 23 January 2007
- Published by Springer Nature in Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
- Vol. 4 (1) , 1
Open AccessBiofeedback for robotic gait rehabilitation
Development and increasing acceptance of rehabilitation robots as well as advances in technology allow new forms of therapy for patients with neurological disorders. Robot-assisted gait therapy can increase the training duration and the intensity for the patients while reducing the physical strain for the therapist. Optimal training effects during gait therapy generally depend on appropriate feedback about performance. Compared to manual treadmill therapy, there is a loss of physical interaction between therapist and patient with robotic gait retraining. Thus, it is difficult for the therapist to assess the necessary feedback and instructions. The aim of this study was to define a biofeedback system for a gait training robot and test its usability in subjects without neurological disorders. To provide an overview of biofeedback and motivation methods applied in gait rehabilitation, previous publications and results from our own research are reviewed. A biofeedback method is presented showing how a rehabilitation robot can assess the patients' performance and deliver augmented feedback. For validation, three subjects without neurological disorders walked in a rehabilitation robot for treadmill training. Several training parameters, such as body weight support and treadmill speed, were varied to assess the robustness of the biofeedback calculation to confounding factors. The biofeedback values correlated well with the different activity levels of the subjects. Changes in body weight support and treadmill velocity had a minor effect on the biofeedback values. The synchronization of the robot and the treadmill affected the biofeedback values describing the stance phase. Robot-aided assessment and feedback can extend and improve robot-aided training devices. The presented method estimates the patients' gait performance with the use of the robot's existing sensors, and displays the resulting biofeedback values to the patients and therapists. The therapists can adapt the therapy and give further instructions to the patients. The feedback might help the patients to adapt their movement patterns and to improve their motivation. While it is assumed that these novel methods also improve training efficacy, the proof will only be possible with future in-depth clinical studies.
- Top Cited Papers
- 12 September 2005
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
- Vol. 13 (3) , 380-394
Patient-cooperative strategies for robot-aided treadmill training: first experimental results
Task-oriented repetitive movements can improve motor performance in patients with neurological or orthopaedic lesions. The application of robotics and automation technology can serve to assist, enhance, evaluate, and document neurological and orthopedic rehabilitation. This paper deals with the application of "patient-cooperative" techniques to robot-aided gait rehabilitation of neurological disorders. We define patient-cooperative to mean that, during movement, the technical system takes into account the patient's intention and voluntary efforts rather than imposing any predefined movements or inflexible strategies. It is hypothesized that such cooperative robotic approaches can improve the therapeutic outcome compared to classical rehabilitation strategies. New cooperative strategies are presented that detect the patient's voluntary efforts. First, this enables the patient increased freedom of movement by a certain amount of robot compliance. Second, the robot behavior adapts to the existing voluntary motor abilities. And third, the robotic system displays and improves the patient contribution by visual biofeedback. Initial experimental results are presented to evaluate the basic principle and technical function of proposed approaches. Further improvements of the technical design and additional clinical testing is required to prove whether the therapeutic outcome can be enhanced by such cooperative strategies.
- 12 September 2005
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
- Vol. 13 (3) , 380-394
Top Cited PapersPatient-cooperative strategies for robot-aided treadmill training: first experimental results
Task-oriented repetitive movements can improve motor performance in patients with neurological or orthopaedic lesions. The application of robotics and automation technology can serve to assist, enhance, evaluate, and document neurological and orthopedic rehabilitation. This paper deals with the application of "patient-cooperative" techniques to robot-aided gait rehabilitation of neurological disorders. We define patient-cooperative to mean that, during movement, the technical system takes into account the patient's intention and voluntary efforts rather than imposing any predefined movements or inflexible strategies. It is hypothesized that such cooperative robotic approaches can improve the therapeutic outcome compared to classical rehabilitation strategies. New cooperative strategies are presented that detect the patient's voluntary efforts. First, this enables the patient increased freedom of movement by a certain amount of robot compliance. Second, the robot behavior adapts to the existing voluntary motor abilities. And third, the robotic system displays and improves the patient contribution by visual biofeedback. Initial experimental results are presented to evaluate the basic principle and technical function of proposed approaches. Further improvements of the technical design and additional clinical testing is required to prove whether the therapeutic outcome can be enhanced by such cooperative strategies.
- Top Cited Papers
- 1 February 2005
- Published by Springer Nature in Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
- Vol. 43 (1) , 2-10
Robot-aided neurorehabilitation of the upper extremities
Task-oriented repetitive movements can improve muscle strength and movement co-ordination in patients with impairments due to neurological lesions. The application of robotics and automation technology can serve to assist, enhance, evaluate and document the rehabilitation of movements. The paper provides an overview of existing devices that can support movement therapy of the upper extremities in subjects with neurological pathologies. The devices are critically compared with respect to technical function, clinical applicability, and, if they exist, clinical outcomes.
- 1 February 2005
- Published by Springer Nature in Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
- Vol. 43 (1) , 2-10
Top Cited PapersRobot-aided neurorehabilitation of the upper extremities
Task-oriented repetitive movements can improve muscle strength and movement co-ordination in patients with impairments due to neurological lesions. The application of robotics and automation technology can serve to assist, enhance, evaluate and document the rehabilitation of movements. The paper provides an overview of existing devices that can support movement therapy of the upper extremities in subjects with neurological pathologies. The devices are critically compared with respect to technical function, clinical applicability, and, if they exist, clinical outcomes.
- 1 January 2005
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Vol. 2005 (1094687X) , 7024-7027
fMRI-Compatible Electromagnetic Haptic Interface
A new haptic interface device is suggested, which can be used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. The basic component of this 1 DOF haptic device are two coils that produce a Lorentz force induced by the large static magnetic field of the MR scanner. A MR-compatible optical angular encoder and an optical force sensor enable the implementation of different control architectures for haptic interactions. The challenge was to provide a large torque, and not to affect image quality by the currents applied in the device. The haptic device was tested in a 3T MR scanner. With a current of up to 1A and a distance of 1m to the focal point of the MR-scanner it was possible to generate torques of up to 4 Nm. Within these boundaries image quality was not affected
- 1 January 2005
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Vol. 2005 (1094687X) , 7024-7027
fMRI-Compatible Electromagnetic Haptic Interface
A new haptic interface device is suggested, which can be used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. The basic component of this 1 DOF haptic device are two coils that produce a Lorentz force induced by the large static magnetic field of the MR scanner. A MR-compatible optical angular encoder and an optical force sensor enable the implementation of different control architectures for haptic interactions. The challenge was to provide a large torque, and not to affect image quality by the currents applied in the device. The haptic device was tested in a 3T MR scanner. With a current of up to 1A and a distance of 1m to the focal point of the MR-scanner it was possible to generate torques of up to 4 Nm. Within these boundaries image quality was not affected
- 12 November 2003
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete
- Vol. 141 (S 1) , K13_8
Der Münchner Kniesimulator: Eine multimodale Trainingsumgebung
Das Erlernen der klinischen Diagnostik am Kniegelenk stellt ein bekanntes Problem dar. Das weite Feld an Funktionstests ist bisher nur durch häufiges Trainieren am Patienten richtig zu erlernen. Der Patient lässt sich nicht beliebig lange untersuchen und es gibt wenig Feedback vom Patienten. Außerdem fehlt dem Untersucher eine gleichzeitige visuelle Darstellung der Knie(binnen)strukturen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten VOR-Projektes wird erstmals eine Simulationsumgebung über ein roboterbasiertes haptisches Display geschaffen, um Untersuchungen an einem virtuellen Kniegelenk durchzuführen. Synchron erhält er eine visuelle Unterstützung mit Einblick in das Gelenk und auf die Bewegung der Kniebinnenstrukturen. Ein akustisches Feedback vom Gelenk und vom Patienten vermittelt dem Untersucher eine realistische Simulation (Gelenkgeräusche, Schmerzäußerung). Die biomechanischen Eigenschaften in 6-DOF wurden an anatomischen Präparaten unter Verwendung eines Roboters ausgemessen. Die Besonderheit der Daten liegt in der Tatsache, dass Läsionen der Bandstrukturen wieder fixierbar gesetzt wurden und ein Datensatz für ein Gelenk mit verschiedenen Verletzungen gemessen wurde. Die Visualisierung erfolgte über eine 3D-Rekonstruktion von CT- und MRT-Datensätzen der jeweiligen Präparate in verschiedenen Stellungen und Belastungen. Der Kniesimulator eröffnet dem Lernenden, ob Student oder Arzt, erstmals die Möglichkeit, zu jeder Zeit einen „Patienten“ mit gewünschter Pathologie zur Verfügung zu haben und dabei eine aktive und passive Qualitätskontrolle durch den Roboter zu erfahren.
- 12 November 2003
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete
- Vol. 141 (S 1) , K13_8
Der Münchner Kniesimulator: Eine multimodale Trainingsumgebung
Das Erlernen der klinischen Diagnostik am Kniegelenk stellt ein bekanntes Problem dar. Das weite Feld an Funktionstests ist bisher nur durch häufiges Trainieren am Patienten richtig zu erlernen. Der Patient lässt sich nicht beliebig lange untersuchen und es gibt wenig Feedback vom Patienten. Außerdem fehlt dem Untersucher eine gleichzeitige visuelle Darstellung der Knie(binnen)strukturen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten VOR-Projektes wird erstmals eine Simulationsumgebung über ein roboterbasiertes haptisches Display geschaffen, um Untersuchungen an einem virtuellen Kniegelenk durchzuführen. Synchron erhält er eine visuelle Unterstützung mit Einblick in das Gelenk und auf die Bewegung der Kniebinnenstrukturen. Ein akustisches Feedback vom Gelenk und vom Patienten vermittelt dem Untersucher eine realistische Simulation (Gelenkgeräusche, Schmerzäußerung). Die biomechanischen Eigenschaften in 6-DOF wurden an anatomischen Präparaten unter Verwendung eines Roboters ausgemessen. Die Besonderheit der Daten liegt in der Tatsache, dass Läsionen der Bandstrukturen wieder fixierbar gesetzt wurden und ein Datensatz für ein Gelenk mit verschiedenen Verletzungen gemessen wurde. Die Visualisierung erfolgte über eine 3D-Rekonstruktion von CT- und MRT-Datensätzen der jeweiligen Präparate in verschiedenen Stellungen und Belastungen. Der Kniesimulator eröffnet dem Lernenden, ob Student oder Arzt, erstmals die Möglichkeit, zu jeder Zeit einen „Patienten“ mit gewünschter Pathologie zur Verfügung zu haben und dabei eine aktive und passive Qualitätskontrolle durch den Roboter zu erfahren.
- 1 January 2003
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
- Vol. 207 (S 2) , FV_08_05
Prototyp eines neuartigen, multimodalen Geburtssimulators
Zielsetzung: Ein realitätsnahes Training vaginal operativer Entbindungen ist ein bisher kaum erfüllbarer Wunsch in der geburtshilflichen Ausbildung. Bislang war dies nur an stilisierten, passiven Phantomen möglich. Ziel war daher die Entwicklung eines Übungsroboters, der nicht nur die vaginal operative Entbindung realitätsnah erlaubt, sondern auch gleichzeitig den Beckendurchtritt via Bildschirm darstellt und eine Fehleranalyse ermöglicht. Material und Methode: Kernstück des Trainingsgerätes ist eine Anordnung aus geburtshilflichen Phantomkörpern, die mittels Sensorik, Aktorik und eines Computer-Modells der Geburt intelligent vernetzt wurden. Mathematisch vereinfacht werden sowohl die Physiologie, als auch die Geburtsmechanik simuliert. Der Roboter lässt sich sowohl durch die simulierte Verabreichung von Oxytocin und Analgetika, als auch durch die vom Anwender eingebrachte Kraft beeinflussen. Hieraus wird unter anderem auch die Bewegung des Kindes durch den Geburtskanal berechnet. Ergebnisse: Neben der Simulation der physiologischen Geburt inklusive Herztöne, Wehen und dem Einfluss von Wehenaugmentation und Schmerzmitteln kann der Lernende vaginal operative Verfahren üben, wobei die korrekte Durchführung des Eingriffs mittels eines eingebauten Kraft-Momenten-Sensors überwacht sowie eventuelle Fehler aufgezeigt und behoben werden können. Diskussion: Das Gerät erlaubt die multimodale Darstellung der verschiedenen Geburtsphasen und das Erlernen der vaginal operativen Techniken inklusive Fehleranalyse und -behebung. Angestrebt wird eine weitere Detaillierung des Simulations-Modells.
- 1 January 2003
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
- Vol. 207 (S 2) , FV_08_05
Prototyp eines neuartigen, multimodalen Geburtssimulators
Zielsetzung: Ein realitätsnahes Training vaginal operativer Entbindungen ist ein bisher kaum erfüllbarer Wunsch in der geburtshilflichen Ausbildung. Bislang war dies nur an stilisierten, passiven Phantomen möglich. Ziel war daher die Entwicklung eines Übungsroboters, der nicht nur die vaginal operative Entbindung realitätsnah erlaubt, sondern auch gleichzeitig den Beckendurchtritt via Bildschirm darstellt und eine Fehleranalyse ermöglicht. Material und Methode: Kernstück des Trainingsgerätes ist eine Anordnung aus geburtshilflichen Phantomkörpern, die mittels Sensorik, Aktorik und eines Computer-Modells der Geburt intelligent vernetzt wurden. Mathematisch vereinfacht werden sowohl die Physiologie, als auch die Geburtsmechanik simuliert. Der Roboter lässt sich sowohl durch die simulierte Verabreichung von Oxytocin und Analgetika, als auch durch die vom Anwender eingebrachte Kraft beeinflussen. Hieraus wird unter anderem auch die Bewegung des Kindes durch den Geburtskanal berechnet. Ergebnisse: Neben der Simulation der physiologischen Geburt inklusive Herztöne, Wehen und dem Einfluss von Wehenaugmentation und Schmerzmitteln kann der Lernende vaginal operative Verfahren üben, wobei die korrekte Durchführung des Eingriffs mittels eines eingebauten Kraft-Momenten-Sensors überwacht sowie eventuelle Fehler aufgezeigt und behoben werden können. Diskussion: Das Gerät erlaubt die multimodale Darstellung der verschiedenen Geburtsphasen und das Erlernen der vaginal operativen Techniken inklusive Fehleranalyse und -behebung. Angestrebt wird eine weitere Detaillierung des Simulations-Modells.
- 1 January 2001
- Vol. 81, 407-9
A survey study for the development of virtual reality technologies in orthopedics.
Virtual reality (VR) technologies have the potential to support medical education and training. In order to orient the development of medical VR applications towards the actual deficiencies and demands in orthopedics, we performed a survey among 56 orthopedic physicians. They were asked to provide information about the kind of physical joint evaluation tests which they perform most often, the importance of physical joint evaluation in comparison to alternative diagnostic methods, and their opinion about current medical education system as well as the prospects of VR applications in orthopedics. The main conclusion of this survey is that VR applications have the potential to improve the lacking medical education and orthopedic training, e.g. by improving the quality of joint evaluation methods, reducing the high number of unhealthy, risky and expensive alternative diagnostic procedures.
- 1 January 2001
- Vol. 81, 407-9
A survey study for the development of virtual reality technologies in orthopedics.
Virtual reality (VR) technologies have the potential to support medical education and training. In order to orient the development of medical VR applications towards the actual deficiencies and demands in orthopedics, we performed a survey among 56 orthopedic physicians. They were asked to provide information about the kind of physical joint evaluation tests which they perform most often, the importance of physical joint evaluation in comparison to alternative diagnostic methods, and their opinion about current medical education system as well as the prospects of VR applications in orthopedics. The main conclusion of this survey is that VR applications have the potential to improve the lacking medical education and orthopedic training, e.g. by improving the quality of joint evaluation methods, reducing the high number of unhealthy, risky and expensive alternative diagnostic procedures.