Yogendra Narain Srivastava

In addition to the electrogenic microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, that can be found in communities that are wired together in circuits carrying electrons in and out of biological cells, strong evidence exists that there are wireless connections between micro-organisms that pass information to one another at a distance in virtue of electromagnetic signals. One needs electromagnetic antennae to send or receive signals as they pass information back and forth between living microorganisms. We here discuss the properties of DNA and RNA long polymer molecules regarding their utility as antennae. As well as emitting or absorbing radiation photons, these antennae also emit and absorb phonons, i.e., acoustic signals. The coupling between sound waves and electromagnetic waves is very appreciable and is described by biological piezoelectricity. Biological phases of condensed matter also exhibit chiral symmetry breaking, i.e., “handedness” symmetry breaking, between right- and left-handed electronic states. Describing two spin components (say up and down) times two chirality components (say left and right) ultimately requires four-component electron wave functions as discovered by Dirac even if the electrons are moving at velocities much less than light speed. Coupled with the quasi-one-dimensional nature of long polymer molecules, this yields bound Bose-condensed particle-hole pairs constituting a Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid similar in some ways to the Bardeen–Cooper–Schriefer Bose-condensed bound electron pairs found in superconductors. One similarity is that transport weak links in the Bose condensate fluid flow yield Josephson effects described by a quantum pendulum, e.g., a sine-Gordon field theory. The coherent phase in the Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid is the difference between the right- and left-handed electronic phases, as first demonstrated by Coleman via the conversion of the massive Thirring model into a Josephson-type pendulum model. The complete theory of wireless communication between biological organisms is only beginning to be developed. The basic DNA and RNA microbe antennae must be wired in nature as a coherent phased antenna array for appreciable communication bit rates radiated through large distances. Finally, acoustic and/or radio frequency electromagnetic radiation carrying sufficient communication information should be of use medically as a possible alternative to chemical medicines and/or vaccines in the treatment of illness; for a most recent example in the COVID-19 virus with its RNA internal antenna.

In addition to the electrogenic microorganisms, e.g. bacteria, that can be found in communities that are wired together in circuits carrying electrons in and out of biological cells, strong evidence exists that there are wireless connections between micro-organisms that pass information to one another at a distance in virtue of electromagnetic signals. One needs electromagnetic antennae to send or receive signals as they pass information back and forth between living microorganisms. We here discuss the properties of DNA and RNA long polymer molecules regarding their utility as antennae. As well as emitting or absorbing radiation photons these antennae also emit and absorb phonons, i.e. acoustic signals. The coupling between sound waves and electromagnetic waves is very appreciable due to and described by biological piezoelectricity. Biological phases of condensed matter also exhibit chiral symmetry breaking, i.e. “handedness” symmetry breaking, between right and left-handed electronic states. Describing two spin components (say up and down) times two chirality components (say left and right) ultimately requires four component electron wave functions as discovered by Dirac even if the electrons are moving at velocities much less than light speed. Coupled with the quasi-one dimensional nature of long polymer molecules this yields bound Bose condensed bound particle-hole pairs constituting a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid similar in some ways to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schriefer Bose condensed bound electron pairs found in superconductors. One similarity is that transport weak links in the Bose condensate fluid flow yield Josephson effects described by a quantum pendulum, e.g. a sine Gordon field theory. The coherent phase in the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid is the difference between the right- and left-handed electronic phases as first demonstrated by Coleman via the conversion of the massive Thirring model into a Josephson type pendulum model. The complete theory of wireless communication between biological organisms is only beginning to be developed. The basic DNA and RNA microbe antennae must be wired in nature as a coherent phased antenna array for appreciable communication bit rates radiated through large distances. Finally, acoustic and/or radio frequency electromagnetic radiation carrying sufficient communication information should be of use medically as a possible alternative to chemical medicines and/or vaccines in the treatment of illness; for a most recent example in the COVID-19 virus with its RNA internal antenna.

While synthetic biology has traditionally focused on creating biological systems often through genetic engineering, emerging technologies, for example, implantable pacemakers with integrated piezo-electric and tribo-electric materials are beginning to enlarge the classical domain into what we call symbiotic synthetic biology. These devices are permanently attached to a body, although non-living or genetically unaltered, and closely mimic biological behavior by harvesting biomechanical energy and providing functions, such as autonomous heart pacing. They form active interfaces with human tissues and operate as hybrid systems, similar to synthetic organs. In this context, the present paper first presents a short summary of previous in vivo studies on piezo-electric composites in relation to their deployment as battery-less pacemakers. This is then followed by a summary of a recent theoretical work using a damped harmonic resonance model, which is being extended to mimic the functioning of such devices. We then extend the theoretical study further to include new solutions and obtain a sum rule for the power output per cycle in such systems. In closing, we present our quantitative understanding to explore the modulation of the quantum vacuum energy (Casimir effect) by periodic body movements to power pacemakers. Taken together, the present work provides the scientific foundation of the next generation bio-integrated intelligent implementation.

A very general class of axially symmetric metrics in general relativity (GR) that includes rotations is used to discuss the dynamics of rotationally supported galaxies. The exact vacuum solutions of the Einstein equations for this extended Weyl class of metrics allow us to rigorously deduce the following: (i) GR rotational velocity always exceeds the Newtonian velocity (thanks to Lenz’s law in GR). (ii) A non-vanishing intrinsic angular momentum (J) for a galaxy demands the asymptotic constancy of the Weyl (vectorial) length parameter (a)—a behaviour identical to that found for the Kerr metric. (iii) Asymptotic constancy of the same parameter a also demands a plateau in the rotational velocity. Unlike the Kerr metric, the extended Weyl metric can and has been continued within the galaxy, and it has been shown under what conditions Gauß and Ampére laws emerge along with Ludwig’s extended gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) theory with its attendant non-linear rate equations for the velocity field. Better estimates (than that from the Newtonian theory) for the escape velocity of the Sun have been presented.

All therapeutic methods dealing with coronavirus (past and present) are based on chemicals. We test for it (positive or negative) chemically and hope to cure it with a future vaccine (some complicated chemical preparation). If and when the virus mutates, another set of chemical protocols for its testing and a hunt for new chemicals as a vaccine shall begin again and again. But the history of modern (western) medicine tells us that our biotechnology is not so limited. Copious scientific evidence for sonic and low energy electromagnetic signals produced by all biological elements (DNA, cells, bacteria, parasites, virus) exists; in turn, the biological elements are affected by these non-chemical signals as well. A careful analysis and a catalogue of the spectrum of these non-chemical signals are proposed here as a unique biophysical signature.

We discuss the differential elastic pp cross-section data measured at 13 TeV, through the Coulomb Nuclear Interference region until past the dip. We show that data are consistent with the asymptotic predictions from an empirical model and examine the presence of a zero for the real part of the elastic amplitude near the Coulomb region, well before the dip.