Dariusz Zmarzły

This research paper describes the development of a low-cost device for measuring wastewater flow rates in open channels, a significant advancement enabled by the evolution of microcomputers and processing techniques. A laboratory setup was constructed to validate the device’s accuracy against a standard flow measurement method, optimizing key parameters to achieve a linear relationship between detected and set flow rates, while considering hardware limitations and energy efficiency. The central focus of the research was developing a method to measure the velocity of contaminated fluid using ultrasonic signals, employing the cross-correlation method for signal delay analysis in a stochastic environment. This was complemented by a procedure to measure fluid levels, also based on ultrasonic signals. The device’s reliability was assessed through repeatability and uncertainty measurements, confirming its accuracy with an extended uncertainty not exceeding an average of 3.47% for flows above 40 L/min. The device has potential to provide valuable data on the operational dynamics of sanitary networks, crucial for developing and calibrating simulation models.

This article identifies seasonality profiles for three stages of housing construction. The profiles were determined as average monthly values obtained for permits issued for the construction of new apartments, for apartments whose construction has begun, and for apartments put into operation. The research process showed that there are differences in seasonality profiles between investments carried out by individual investors and those who build apartments for sale or rent. The research clearly showed that the development of reports and analyses for the housing market should include a breakdown of the market for the activities of individual developers as well as those operating as investments. Unfortunately, at present, reports on the real estate market are developed in total terms, which significantly reduces their utilitarian application. Taking into account the recommendations of the research will allow for sustainable development of the housing market in such a way that the market will strengthen its resilience to the occurrence of cyclical fluctuations, among other things.

The issues reported in this article concern the development of methods applied for measurement, processing, and analysis of infrasound signals generated in association with the operation of wind farms. In particular, the discussion involves the results of the analysis using synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms of infrasound noise emitted by a 2 MW wind turbine that have been recorded during its operation in actual conditions. To record infrasound signals, a wireless measurement system was used, consisting of a base station and three synchronized mobile recording stations. To identify the wavelet structures with the highest ratio of energy, the synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms were used, and the courses of six time runs representing instantaneous frequencies were determined. Application of this approach enables the selection of energy-dominant waveforms from the time-frequency images, whose assessment can be performed mainly in terms of qualitative measures. Application of the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform is an effective tool for the purposes of detection and selection in the designated wavelet structures for the recorded infrasound dominant frequencies for which the carried energy ranges have the highest value.

The article presents the problems of measuring electrical parameters on the example of determining the resistivity of concrete samples. In addition, as part of the research work undertaken, a series of experimental measurements were carried out in the system of two electrodes on various samples of geopolymer concrete. The obtained results showed the need to improve the electrodes and subjecting to a detailed analysis of the contact connections between the electrodes and the sample in order to obtain a repeatable method of determining the resistivity of geopolymeric concrete samples.

In the paper, an innovative control system devoted to the stabilization of the parallel manipulator-type Hexapod is presented. The device consists of three main parts, allowing us to reach the desired location during various external disturbances. Indeed, the telescopic boom located on the car along with the system providing the correction of the boom column deflection as well as the gyroscopic self-leveling head constitute a complex tool covering a plethora of modern techniques and solutions. Through the application of advanced issues strictly derived from nonlinear identification and multivariable control theory branches, the dynamical behavior of the discussed device has been handled in order to achieve a proper reference operation. Naturally, it has been supported by a set of accompanying approaches related to the processes of the real-time measurement and robust data transmission. It should be emphasized that the proposed computer-aided system is intended for the film industry, where image stabilization plays a crucial role. Such a statement has additionally been confirmed by other innovative products introduced by a company placed in Opole, Poland, called MovieBird International.

The article presents the use of barometric sensors to precisely determine the altitude of a flying object. The sensors are arranged in a hexahedral spatial arrangement with appropriately spaced air inlets. Thanks to the solution used, the range of measurement uncertainty can be reduced, resulting in a lower probability of error during measurement by improving the accuracy of estimation. The paper also describes the use of pressure sensors in complex Tracking Vertical Velocity and Height systems, integrating different types of sensors to highlight the importance of this single parameter. The solution can find application in computational systems using different types of data in Kalman filters. The impact of pressure measurements in a geometric system with different spatial orientations of sensors is also presented. In order to compensate for local pressure differences, e.g., in the form of side wind gusts, an additional reference sensor was used, making the developed solution relevant for applications such as industrial ones.

The research reported in this paper involves the development and refinement of methods applicable to the measurement and analysis of infrasound signals generated by the operation of wind turbines. In particular, the presentation focuses on the use of a new system that is applied for simultaneous recording of acoustic signals in the low-frequency range emitted by wind farms in three independent and identical measurement setups. A comparative analysis of the proposed new system was made with the Brüel & Kjaer measurement, a commonly used methodology, which meets the requirements of the IEC 61400-11 standard. The paper focuses on the results of frequency and time-frequency analysis of infrasound signals recorded throughout the operation of a wind turbine with a rated capacity of 2 MW. The use of a correlated system with three simultaneous measurement systems can be a new and alternative measurement method that will eliminate the drawbacks of previous approaches.

Progressive technological development has made it possible to miniaturize devices to the nano scale. The production of various structures is made possible by nanotechnology techniques, a discipline that focuses on the development of nanodevices. These are integrated functional devices consisting of nano-sized components. Nanomachines are miniature elements consisting of an ordered set of molecules that are able to perform very simple tasks. To exploit the various functionalities and potentials of nanomachines, it is necessary to be able to connect them in a network - nanonetworks. The communication capability between nanomachines is presented In this paper. Spheres are listed, showing the potential of nanos networks and their use. A comparison is made between the traditional model of networked communication and nanonetworks, new connection mechanisms, and technological barriers preventing widespread use of nanonetworks. The purpose of writing this paper is to provide a better understanding of current research problems of nanoscale networks and to emphasize the need for the development of new protocols or architectures that must be invented in order for nanoscale networks to be widely used.