Temitope Alade

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are anticipated to be pivotal contributors to the global energy transformation in the automobile industry, ignited by their rapid proliferation. However, the widespread integration of EVs requires rigorous research and synthesis in charging solutions and EV supply equipment to meet the expected performance and improve ancillary services. Analysing the current landscape of EV charging technologies is essential to accelerate EV adoption, incorporating advanced control strategies to mitigate negative impacts and improve charging efficiency. Thus, this study presents a meticulous review that culminates in a curated anthology of 81 pivotal articles, with a predominant emphasis on charging EVs and associated technologies. The findings constitute extensive potential in this domain and we have carefully scrutinised the research studies to discern potential EV charging technologies, encompassing their taxonomy, on-board and off-board charging infrastructures, and the global standards regulating EV charging systems. The revelations of the study elucidate the prevailing paradigms within the EV research nexus, charting a course for future scholarly pursuits and practical applications.

This paper provides a detailed examination of recent advancements in antenna design tailored specifically tailored for applications in biotelemetry and healthcare. It contains a detailed analysis of over 60 journal papers retrieved from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers database within the past five years. Each paper is briefly discussed, emphasizing its simulation and/or practical results. Furthermore, the paper draws conclusions based on various performance parameters, highlighting key shortcomings in existing literature designs, and identifying prerequisites for future high-performance antennas. Finally, the paper proposes a new antenna design positioned to surpass most of the antennas discussed herein. Tailored for the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, the proposed antenna boasts a compact footprint of 7.7 x 6 mm2. The antenna possesses noteworthy performance metrics including a mean gain of 1.2 dB and an efficiency exceeding 51% when in direct contact with a body.

Sixth Generation (6G) transceivers are envisioned to feature massively large antenna arrays compared to its predecessor. This will result in even higher spectral efficiency (SE) and multiplexing gains. However, immense concerns remain about the energy efficiency (EE) of such transceivers. This work focuses on partially connected hybrid architectures, with the primary aim of enhancing the EE of the system. To achieve this objective, the study proposes a combined approach of joint antenna selection and precoding, which holds the potential to further optimize the system’s EE while maintaining a satisfactory SE performance levels. The proposed approach incorporates antenna selection based on a meta-heuristic cyclic binary particle swarm optimization algorithm along with successive interference cancellation-based precoding. The results indicate that the proposed solution, in terms of SE and EE, performs very close to the optimal exhaustive search algorithm. This study also investigates the trade-off between SE and EE in a low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. The robustness of the proposed scheme is also demonstrated when the channel state information is imperfect. In conclusion, this work presents a lower complexity approach to enhance EE in 6G transceivers while maintaining SE performance and along with a reduction in power consumption.

Attendance monitoring is a vital activity in several organizations. Due to its importance, many attendance monitoring systems have been developed to automate this process. Despite several advancements in automated attendance management solutions, attendance fraud remains an issue as some end users can manipulate known vulnerabilities, such as proxy attendance, buddy-punching, early departure, and so on. In this paper, a fraud-resistant attendance management solution is developed by harnessing technologies such as geofencing, dynamic QR code and IMEI Checking. The proposed solution is comprised of a single-page web application where QR code can be enabled for attendance registration, and a mobile application, where end-users can scan generated QR code to register their attendance. Attendance cheating via QR code sharing is prevented by en-coding the polygonal coordinates of the event venue in the QR code to determine if the user is within the venue. The proposed system solves the problem of proxy attendance by registering and verifying the end user’s device IMEI number. Results obtained from testing indicate that attempts at committing a variety of attendance frauds are effectively mitigated.

To bring fifth generation (5G) mobile communication capabilities to indoor users, small cells and distributed antenna systems are two promising technologies being considered. This paper investigates and compares the performance of indoor deployed small cell base station (SBS) and indoor distributed antenna systems (DAS) in an isolated multi-storey building. Each floor of the building is equipped with either an indoor SBS or an indoor DAS where geographically distributed remote radio heads (RRHs) are connected to a central unit (CU), and frequency reuse is employed among floors. Signal propagation characteristics within multi-storey buildings and the impact of inter floor interference on performance is analysed and compared for both systems. The effect of different reuse distances, pathloss exponents, penetration loss and co-channel interference on achievable rate is analysed over a wide range of potential mobile equipment (ME) locations.

Providing high data rate wireless transmissions has been difficult in indoor environments, particularly in multi-floor buildings. One way to achieve high data rate wireless transmissions is to reduce the radio transmission distance between the transmitter and the receiver by using distributed antenna systems (DASs) and employing frequency reuse. However, due to the reuse of the limited available spectrum, co-channel interference can severely degrade system capacity. In this paper, the uplink spectral efficiency of an in-building DAS with frequency reuse is studied, where remote antenna units (RAUs) deployed on each floor throughout the building are connected to a central unit (CU) where received signals are processed. The impact of co-channel interference on system performance is investigated by using a propagation channel model derived from multi-floor, in-building measurement results. The proposed scheme exploits the penetration loss of the signal through the floors, resulting in frequency reuse in spatially separated floors, which increases system spectral efficiency and also reduces co-channel interference. A comparative analysis with conventional co-located antenna deployment at the floor center is provided. Location based RAU selection and deployment options are investigated. System performance is evaluated in terms of location-specific spectral efficiency for a range of potential mobile terminal (MT) locations and various in-building propagation characteristics.

It is well known that providing high data rate wireless mobile services is a major challenge in indoor environments, particularly in multi-storey buildings. One way to achieve high data rate wireless transmissions is to reduce the radio transmission distance between the transmitter and the receiver by using distributed antenna systems (DASs) employing frequency reuse. However, due to the reuse of the limited available frequency spectrum, co-channel interference can severely degrade system performance. In this paper, the uplink performance of an in-building DAS with frequency reuse is studied, where remote antenna units (RAUs) deployed on each floor throughout the building are connected to a central unit (CU) where received signals are processed. The impact of RAU selection and location strategies on the performance of the interference-limited system is analysed by using a propagation channel model derived from multi-floor, in-building measurement results. The proposed scheme exploits the penetration loss of the signal through the floors, resulting in frequency reuse in spatially separated floors, which increases system spectral efficiency and also reduces co-channel interference. RAU location is shown to be a dominant factor influencing the levels of co-channel interference, and consequently, have a major implications on system performance.

In this paper, the achievable rate of distributed antenna systems (DASs) in high buildings is investigated for indoor downlink high data rate wireless transmission. A DAS, where radio transmission/reception within one or several neighbouring floors is controlled by a central unit (CU) exploiting the entire system bandwidth is considered. The same frequency channels are reused by all the CUs, co-channel interference is caused. A mathematical channel model for transmission to one user per floor including direct signal propagation between floors within the building and reflection from a nearby building is built based on practical measurements. Using the model, it is shown that the indoor path loss exponent and the Nakagami channel fading parameter have a significant effect on the achievable rate performance.

Distributed antenna system (DAS) can provide high speed data services for mobile terminals (MTs) within multi-floor buildings by reducing the radio transmission distance between the transmitter and the receiver. In this paper, the uplink spectral efficiency of an in-building DAS with frequency reuse is studied, where remote antenna units (RAUs) are deployed on each floor throughout the building and connected to a central unit (CU) where received signals are processed. The proposed scheme exploits the penetration loss of the signal through the floors, resulting in frequency reuse in spatially separated floors, which increases system spectral efficiency and also reduces co-channel interference. The impact of co-channel interference on system performance is investigated using a propagation channel model derived from multi-floor in-building measurement results. System performance is evaluated in terms of location-specific spectral efficiency for a range of potential mobile terminal (MT) locations and various in-building propagation characteristics. Numerical results obtained suggest that the proposed scheme can facilitate better use of the available radio spectrum, and provide higher data rates for indoor MTs.