Hui-Jun Li

分析河南省新乡县中老年农村居民糖尿病患病现状及其与膳食模式的相关性。 本研究基于河南省农村常见慢性非传染性疾病前瞻性队列研究中新乡县横断面调查数据，于2017年4−6月采用随机整群抽样方法在河南省新乡县抽取17个村落的18岁及以上农村常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。选取其中45～79岁中老年作为研究对象，采用因子分析法建立膳食模式，将膳食模式因子得分按四分位数分组（Q1～Q4），采用多因素logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与糖尿病的关系。 河南省新乡县7 604名中老年农村居民中，糖尿病者1 604例，患病率为21.1%；因子分析建立4种膳食模式，分别是动物型膳食模式、植物蛋类型膳食模式、混合型膳食模式和传统型膳食模式；不同膳食模式间的人口学特征分布不同，动物型膳食模式因子得分Q4组与Q1组间各测量学指标与临床指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；植物蛋类型膳食模式Q4组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）低于Q1组且空腹血糖（FBG）分布不同，差异有统计学意义（PPPOR）=0.810，95%置信区间（CI）: 0.690～0.952，P_trend<0.05〕。 河南省新乡县中老年农村居民糖尿病患病率较高，传统型膳食模式与糖尿病可能存在保护性关联。

Human gut microbiota can be affected by a variety of factors, including geography. This study aimed to clarify the regional specific characteristics of gut microbiota in rural residents of Xinxiang county, Henan province, with hypertension and hyperlipidemia and evaluate the association of specific gut microbiota with hypertension and hyperlipidemia clinical indices. To identify the gut microbes, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used and a random forest disease classifier was constructed to discriminate between the gut microbiota in hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and the healthy control. Patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented with marked gut microbiota dysbiosis compared to the healthy control. The gut microbiota related to hypertension and hyperlipidemia may consist of a large number of taxa, influencing each other in a complex metabolic network. Examining the top 35 genera in each group showed that Lactococcus, Alistipes, or Subdoligranulum abundances were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients with treatment-naive hypertension (n = 63). In hypertensive patients undergoing anti-hypertensive treatment (n = 104), the abundance of Megasphaera or Megamonas was positively correlated to SBP. In the hyperlipidemia group, some of the top 35 genera were significantly correlated to triglyceride, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose levels. This study analyzed the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in this region.

The treatment performance and microbial diversity of two parallel single-stage activated sludge bioreactors were investigated and compared. An innovative upflow microaerobic sludge bed (UMSB) bioreactor and an aerobic control system (ACS) were operated at dissolved oxygen levels of 0.5–0.9 and 2.5–4 mg/L, respectively. Under similar conditions, at a hydraulic retention time of 25 h, an organic loading rate of 1.4±0.1 kg COD/m³·d, and an influent total phosphate (TP) of 43±4 mg/L, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of the UMSB and the ACS were 94%±1% and 95%±1%, respectively, and no significant difference in performance was noted between the two systems (p=0.498). It was, however, noted that TP removal efficiency of the UMSB (57%±5%) was significantly higher compared with ACS (34%±6%) (p=0.00). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that bacteria in the UMSB and ACS were highly diverse and obviously different. It is likely that facultative anaerobes, microaerophiles, and aerobes were able to coexist in the UMSB. This suggests the possibility of constructing microecosystems that integrate anaerobic and aerobic niches in one reactor. In this study, we demonstrate that under oxygen-limited conditions, it is possible to construct a single-stage activated sludge bioreactor for removing organic substances and phosphorous simultaneously. These findings have important consequences for recognizing and supplementing the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process and for developing new energy-saving treatment technologies.

Performance of a lab-scale micro-aerobic continuous treatment system for sulfate-ridden antibiotic wastewater, i.e., the treatment efficiencies, sludge SVI values and DHA activities, and the contents of yeasts and bacteria in sludge, were investigated at 14-18 degrees C when varied influent loadings COD of 2-21 kg/(m3 x d) were used. At an influent loading COD of 2 kg/(m3 x d), bacteria were preponderant in the microbial community in the sludge with a content of 96%, the sludge had MISS, DHA activity (TF/MISS x t), and SVI levels of 300 mg x L(-1), 4 300 mg/ (g x h), and 35 mL x g(-1), respectively,the system achieved a COD removal of 13%. When the influent loadings went up to 5 and 10 times higher than that at the first phase, i.e., 9 and 21 kg/(m3 x d), it was yeasts' turn to be preponderant in the sludge with contents of 67% and 71%, respectively, the MISS levels amounted to 2 300 and 1 500 mg x L(-1) respectively, the DHA activity (TF/MLSS x t) of 9 600 and 10 800 mg/(g x h), and the SVI values of 160 and 110 mL x g(-1), were achieved individually, the COD removal was greatly improved up to 40%-50%. It showed that influent loadings had remarkable influence on the treatment performance and microbial community structure of the system.

With the pH regulation to the batch-treatment system as a control, the effect of different pH levels, i.e., 7.0, 5.1, 4.1, on the treatment efficiencies and the contents of yeast and bacteria content in aerated column were investigated for the continuous micro-aerobic treatment system of the antibiotic wastewater. With the decrease in pH levels in aerated column, the COD removals reached 53%, 42% and 45%, respectively, BOD5 removals were 79%, 58% and 50%, respectively, and the DHA activities (TF/MLSS x t) of the sludge were 47,088, 10,506 and 14,390 mg/(g h), respectively, during the three experimental stages. The results on the basis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH)-flow cytometry (FCM) showed that different pH levels didn't affect the contents of yeast and bacteria in the aerated column content at three different pH levels, and bacteria were the dominant microbes with a content of above 98% throughout the experimental periods. In addition, the variation of pH levels had the same influence on the treatment efficiencies of both continuous treatment system and batch treatment system, although different changes of microbial ecologies happened in these two systems.