Haydar Göksu

Green polymeric matrices, encompassing both natural biopolymers and biodegradable synthetic counterparts, have emerged as a pivotal platform in the advancement of sustainable nanotechnology, offering a versatile foundation for the engineering of high-performance nanomaterials. Leveraging their intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and superior surface area-to-volume ratios, this study investigates the biological functionalities of nanoparticles derived from these eco-friendly polymers, specifically targeting their antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacies, alongside their potential as targeted drug delivery vectors. Beyond biomedical domains, the research extends to the utilization of these biocompatible matrices within the realm of green chemistry. Herein, these polymers serve a dual role as eco-friendly stabilizers and, particularly in the case of polysaccharides, as intrinsic reducing agents in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). These polymer-supported MNPs are subsequently evaluated as highly efficient, recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for diverse organic transformations, offering a more atom-economical and low-waste alternative to conventional catalytic protocols. Ultimately, by bridging therapeutic applications with green catalytic synthesis, this work establishes green polymer-based nanomaterials as a dual functional, sustainable platform for both medicinal and chemical sciences.

Insecticides are extensively utilized in modern agriculture to control pests and enhance crop yields; however, their pervasive application has emerged as a primary driver of global soil contamination. Following a systematic literature search strategy across major academic databases, this review critically examines the environmental fate, sources, transport mechanisms, and persistence of these agrochemicals within the dynamic soil matrix. Current estimates reveal a staggering inefficiency, with less than 0.1% of applied insecticides reaching target pests, causing over 99.9% to disperse and transform agricultural soils into long-term xenobiotic sinks. We analyze how multifactorial parameters-specifically soil organic matter, pH, and clay-driven cation exchange capacity-govern sorption kinetics (Kd/Koc) and degradation processes. Crucially, the review highlights that degradation does not strictly equate to detoxification, emphasizing the emerging risks posed by persistent, mobile, and polar (PMP) transformation by-products. The ecotoxicological assessment differentiates the threats of persistent legacy compounds from mobile alternatives (e.g., neonicotinoids). These residues severely compromise soil functional integrity by inducing microbial dysbiosis and inhibiting taxa-specific extracellular enzymes such as cellulase, invertase, and urease from specific taxa like Proteus vulgaris essential for carbon and nitrogen cycling. Furthermore, they inflict severe physiological damage on beneficial ecosystem engineers, notably earthworms. The dual risks of trophic transfer and biomagnification are analyzed concerning human health, highlighting chronic links to carcinogenicity and endocrine disruption. Ultimately, this study advocates for a strategic transition to Integrated Pest Management (IPM), positioning it as a fundamental environmental remediation strategy. By enforcing economic thresholds, prioritizing biological tactics, and integrating nature-based solutions like vermicomposting, IPM proactively minimizes the anthropogenic chemical load, restoring the biological buffering capacity crucial for future agricultural sustainability.

The development of oxidation methodologies that proceed without molecular oxygen or stoichiometric oxidants, while employing environmentally benign solvents, is of paramount importance in sustainable synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report the oxidation of aryl aldehydes to the corresponding benzoic acid derivatives using commercially available palladium nanoparticles supported on aluminum oxyhydroxide in aqueous medium. The reaction proceeds under mild basic conditions at ambient temperature, with sodium borohydride acting as a hydride donor/modulator, promoting in situ formation of active hydride species on the catalyst surface. These species facilitate dehydrogenative oxidation of aldehydes via the hydrated (gem‐diol) intermediate, affording benzoic acid derivatives with concurrent evolution of molecular hydrogen. Under optimized conditions, 14 benzoic acid derivatives were synthesized within 6 h, with yields ranging from 50% to 95%. The products were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The Pd/AlO(OH) catalyst was recovered and reused in three consecutive runs without significant loss of activity or yield. SEM/EDX analyses of fresh and reused catalysts revealed no significant morphological changes, and ICP‐OES confirmed negligible palladium leaching. The use of a commercially available, reusable catalyst for selective oxidation under oxygen‐free aqueous conditions provides a practical and sustainable strategy for the synthesis of industrially relevant benzoic acid derivatives.

A series of toxic nitro compounds were converted to aryl amine derivatives at room temperature in the presence of a hydrogen source such as sodium borohydride and in commercially available mineral water without the need for an organic solvent. A commercial catalyst containing Pd (PdAlO(OH) NPs) was used as the supporting material in the study. However, the amount of catalyst used was reduced by 40% compared to the amounts used previously due to the effect of mineral water. Thanks to the developed environmentally friendly and practical method, 8 different nitro arene compounds were converted to aryl amine derivatives with yields over 95%. The most powerful aspect of the developed method is that it is economical and industrial.

The pool waters pose certain risks to public health. Therefore, it is crucial for swimming pool water to meet the desired standards in terms of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and to be regularly monitored to ensure the provision of healthy and safe swimming conditions. In our country, swimming pool water standards are determined in accordance with regulations set forth by the Ministry of Health. To maintain these standards, various pool chemicals are required, including pool water disinfectants, pH reducers, precipitators, brighteners, and algae inhibitors. The objective of our study is to develop a multifunctional tablet formulation, a technological innovation that combines the properties of these chemicals into a single product. To achieve this goal, we conducted physical and bactericidal tests on new formulations containing disinfectants such as calcium hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The multifunctional tablet formulations developed provide an effective solution to meet and exceed the required standards for swimming pool water quality.

Objective: Candida strains have been frequently associated with nosocomial infections in recent years. On the other hand, public prefer natural resources rather than synthetic materials. Therefore, it is important to research combine effects of natural products. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm effectiveness of essential oils and propolis containing samples on Candida species and the toxicity of samples. Material-Method: Three different samples were prepared with propolis, lavender oil and thyme oil. Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) GC/MS was used for the determination of organic compounds in samples. The antifungal effects of a natural product mix were tested against C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis by disk diffusion method. MIC and MFC tests of the mixture were performed against a standard such as Nystatin. Antibiofilm tests were performed with the microplate system, taking into account the detected concentrations. Finally, in the cytotoxicity test investigated in the L929 cell line with the WST-1 kit. Results: C. albicans was determined as the most sensitive species (MIC50: 90 ppm, MIC90: 750 ppm MFC: 3120 ppm). In the antibiofilm tests, it was determined that the sample was more effective on C. albicans and it inhibited biofilm formation. Also it was determined the IC50 value was 5052 ppm. Conclusion: The natural product mixture, which has scientifically proven antifungal effect, has a feature that has high added value and contributes to the economy. But of course, it has to investigate by further studies. The findings of this study may lead to new therapeutic approaches with standardized natural products in the future.

Objective: The aim of the study is to use two different plant extracts such as St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and Centella asiatica (L.) in the cream formulation and to determine the anti-aging effect of the new formulation. Material-Method: The plants used in the study were obtained commercially and plant extracts were obtained using the classical extraction techniques in the literature. The active ingredients in the obtained extracts were determined by HPLC method. Physical, protective efficacy, microbial analysis and anti-aging tests were carried out for cream formulations obtained with extracts. Results: Plant extraction studies were carried out in the study. Centella asiatica (L.) was extracted with 20.8% yield at 20 mL of methanol and 60 ℃. As a result of HPLC analysis, it was determined that there were 1740 mg/kg asiatic acid and 4380 mg/kg madecasic acid in the extract. In the extraction studies performed on Hypericum perforatum, the expected active ingredient, hypericin, was not found. For this reason, commercial extract containing 2.5% hyperforin was obtained and the studies were continued on these extracts and final cream formulations were obtained. Conclusion: pH, viscosity, density, protective effectiveness tests and microbial analysis tests of the final formulations were performed. In addition, in vitro anti-aging studies have been carried out in accredited laboratories. With in-vitro anti-aging tests, it was determined that the level of collagen 1A increased more in the formulation where both extracts were used together.