Hong Mao
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Previous Organizations / Institutes
The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years
Research Subjects
Hong Mao has a total of 35 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
Jinshuang Jin
Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
5 shared publications- Jinshuang Jin
School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121
4 shared publications - Mei Huang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
3 shared publications Wei-Qin Zhao
3 shared publications- Jingdong Shao
School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
2 shared publications - Pei-Hong Gu
Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 918-4 100049 Beijing People's Republic of China
2 shared publications
Latest Publications
- 22 July 2026
- Published by AIP Publishing in The Journal of Chemical Physics
- Vol. 165 (4)
Coulomb interaction unlocks Majorana-mediated electron teleportation between quantum dots
We investigate quantum transport through a hybrid system consisting of two quantum dots (QDs) coupled via a pair of spatially separated Majorana zero modes (MZMs) with negligible coupling energy. The transport properties, especially the nonlocal correlation mediated by the MZMs, are studied with a focus on the role of the Coulomb interaction U between the QDs and the Majorana wire. Using the numerically exact fermionic dissipation equation of motion method, we calculate both the transient current and the current–current cross correlation noise spectrum. Our results demonstrate that in the non-interacting case (U = 0), destructive interference between the normal tunneling and anomalous tunneling channels suppresses electron teleportation between the dots. Introducing a finite Coulomb interaction U lifts this channel degeneracy, thereby establishing strong nonlocal correlations and enabling inter-dot electron teleportation. This effect manifests as a robust signal in the cross correlation noise spectrum, which is significantly stronger than that induced by a finite Majorana coupling energy ɛM. Our work proposes Coulomb interaction as an efficient and experimentally accessible control parameter for generating and detecting Majorana-mediated nonlocal transport in the topologically relevant long-wire limit (ɛM → 0).
- 22 July 2026
- Published by AIP Publishing in The Journal of Chemical Physics
- Vol. 165 (4)
Coulomb interaction unlocks Majorana-mediated electron teleportation between quantum dots
We investigate quantum transport through a hybrid system consisting of two quantum dots (QDs) coupled via a pair of spatially separated Majorana zero modes (MZMs) with negligible coupling energy. The transport properties, especially the nonlocal correlation mediated by the MZMs, are studied with a focus on the role of the Coulomb interaction U between the QDs and the Majorana wire. Using the numerically exact fermionic dissipation equation of motion method, we calculate both the transient current and the current–current cross correlation noise spectrum. Our results demonstrate that in the non-interacting case (U = 0), destructive interference between the normal tunneling and anomalous tunneling channels suppresses electron teleportation between the dots. Introducing a finite Coulomb interaction U lifts this channel degeneracy, thereby establishing strong nonlocal correlations and enabling inter-dot electron teleportation. This effect manifests as a robust signal in the cross correlation noise spectrum, which is significantly stronger than that induced by a finite Majorana coupling energy ɛM. Our work proposes Coulomb interaction as an efficient and experimentally accessible control parameter for generating and detecting Majorana-mediated nonlocal transport in the topologically relevant long-wire limit (ɛM → 0).
- 10 February 2025
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review B
- Vol. 111 (7)
Majorana qubit readout by a point-contact detector under finite bias voltages
- 10 February 2025
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review B
- Vol. 111 (7)
Majorana qubit readout by a point-contact detector under finite bias voltages
- Open Access
- 29 January 2025
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review D
- Vol. 111 (2)
Transition rate and gravitational wave spectrum from first-order QCD phase transitions
We investigate the gravitational wave spectrum induced by first-order quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions, e.g., the confinement-deconfinement phase transition of the pure gluon system and the chiral phase transitions in the quark-meson model and Polyakov quark-meson model. The gravitational wave power spectra are sensitive to the phase transition rate β / H . All QCD models predict a relatively large phase transition rate in the order of β / H ∼ 10 4 at high temperature region, and the produced gravitational waves lie in the peak frequency region of 10 − 4 – 0.01 Hz , corresponding to an energy spectrum in the range of 10 − 8 – 10 − 7 , which can be detected by LISA and Taiji. If a high baryon density region is generated through Affleck-Dine baryogenesis or other mechanisms, the baryon chemical potential significantly reduces the phase transition rate, which will drop to the order of β / H ∼ 10 1 , thus leading to the production of nanohertz gravitational waves. Furthermore, there exists a critical quark chemical potential with zero phase transition rate β / H = 0 , indicating that the false vacuum will not decay, which supports the formation of primordial quark nuggets in the early Universe.
- 29 January 2025
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review D
- Vol. 111 (2)
Open AccessTransition rate and gravitational wave spectrum from first-order QCD phase transitions
We investigate the gravitational wave spectrum induced by first-order quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions, e.g., the confinement-deconfinement phase transition of the pure gluon system and the chiral phase transitions in the quark-meson model and Polyakov quark-meson model. The gravitational wave power spectra are sensitive to the phase transition rate β / H . All QCD models predict a relatively large phase transition rate in the order of β / H ∼ 10 4 at high temperature region, and the produced gravitational waves lie in the peak frequency region of 10 − 4 – 0.01 Hz , corresponding to an energy spectrum in the range of 10 − 8 – 10 − 7 , which can be detected by LISA and Taiji. If a high baryon density region is generated through Affleck-Dine baryogenesis or other mechanisms, the baryon chemical potential significantly reduces the phase transition rate, which will drop to the order of β / H ∼ 10 1 , thus leading to the production of nanohertz gravitational waves. Furthermore, there exists a critical quark chemical potential with zero phase transition rate β / H = 0 , indicating that the false vacuum will not decay, which supports the formation of primordial quark nuggets in the early Universe.
- Open Access
Nanohertz gravitational waves and primordial quark nuggets from dense QCD matter in the early universe
The first-order QCD phase transition at high temperature features a large transition rate in the magnitude of $β/H \sim 10^4$ with induced stochastic gravitational waves typically lying in the LISA range. High baryon density in the early universe can be generated through Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. The baryon chemical potential enhances the potential barrier and significantly reduces the transition rate, which decreases from infinity at the critical end point (CEP) to zero at the critical nucleation point (CNP). Nanohertz gravitational waves can be produced in a narrow window of high baryon chemical potential with transition rate in the order of $β/H \sim 10^1$. When the phase transition rate reaches zero, the false vacuum of high baryon density quark matter is unlikely to decay and can persist over cosmological time scales. Therefore the primordial quark nuggets (PQN) can form and survive in the early universe as the seeds of compact stars, thereby dramatically accelerating the evolution of compact stars and the formation of galaxies, which may explain the high red-shift massive galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope.Open AccessNanohertz gravitational waves and primordial quark nuggets from dense QCD matter in the early universe
The first-order QCD phase transition at high temperature features a large transition rate in the magnitude of $β/H \sim 10^4$ with induced stochastic gravitational waves typically lying in the LISA range. High baryon density in the early universe can be generated through Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. The baryon chemical potential enhances the potential barrier and significantly reduces the transition rate, which decreases from infinity at the critical end point (CEP) to zero at the critical nucleation point (CNP). Nanohertz gravitational waves can be produced in a narrow window of high baryon chemical potential with transition rate in the order of $β/H \sim 10^1$. When the phase transition rate reaches zero, the false vacuum of high baryon density quark matter is unlikely to decay and can persist over cosmological time scales. Therefore the primordial quark nuggets (PQN) can form and survive in the early universe as the seeds of compact stars, thereby dramatically accelerating the evolution of compact stars and the formation of galaxies, which may explain the high red-shift massive galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. - Open Access
Bubble Dynamics in the Polyakov Quark-Meson Model
In the framework of the Polyakov quark-meson model with two flavors, the bubble dynamics of a first-order phase transition in the region of high density and low temperature are investigated by using the homogeneous thermal nucleation theory. In mean-field approximation, after obtaining the effective potential with the inclusion of the fermionic vacuum term, we build a geometric method to search two existing minima, which can be actually connected by a bounce interpolated between a local minimum to an adjacent global one. For both weak and strong first-order hadron quark phase transitions, as fixing the chemical potentials at and , the bubble profiles, the surface tension, the typical radius of the bounce, and the saddle-point action as a function of temperature are numerically calculated in the presence of a nucleation bubble. It is found that the surface tension remains at a very small value even when the density is high. It is also noticed that the deconfinement phase transition does not change the chiral phase transition dramatically for light quarks and phase boundaries for hadron and quark matter should be resized properly according to the saddle-point action evaluated on the bounce solution.Open AccessBubble Dynamics in the Polyakov Quark-Meson Model
In the framework of the Polyakov quark-meson model with two flavors, the bubble dynamics of a first-order phase transition in the region of high density and low temperature are investigated by using the homogeneous thermal nucleation theory. In mean-field approximation, after obtaining the effective potential with the inclusion of the fermionic vacuum term, we build a geometric method to search two existing minima, which can be actually connected by a bounce interpolated between a local minimum to an adjacent global one. For both weak and strong first-order hadron quark phase transitions, as fixing the chemical potentials at and , the bubble profiles, the surface tension, the typical radius of the bounce, and the saddle-point action as a function of temperature are numerically calculated in the presence of a nucleation bubble. It is found that the surface tension remains at a very small value even when the density is high. It is also noticed that the deconfinement phase transition does not change the chiral phase transition dramatically for light quarks and phase boundaries for hadron and quark matter should be resized properly according to the saddle-point action evaluated on the bounce solution. - Open Access
- 21 June 2024
- Published by MDPI AG in Preprints.org
Bubble dynamics in the Polyakov quark-meson model
Based on the two-flavors Polyakov quark-meson model, we study the bubble dynamics of a first-order phase transition in chiral phase diagram at high density but low temperature in the framework of the homogeneous thermal nucleation theory. Under the mean-field approximation, after obtaining the effective potential with inclusion of the fermionic vacuum term, we build a geometric approach to probe two possibly existing minima, which can actually tunnel through a bounce interpolated between a metastable vacuum to an adjacent true vacuum. By separating our discussions into a weak first-order hadron quark phase transition and strong ones, the bubble profiles, the surface tension, the typical radius of the bounce and the saddle point action in the presence of a nucleation bubble as a function of temperature are numerically calculated in detail as the chemical potentials are fixed at $\mu=306 \mathrm{MeV}$ and $\mu=310 \mathrm{MeV}$. our results show that the surface tension remains a small value even when the density is very high and phase boundaries for hadron and quark matter should be resized properly according to the saddle point action evaluated on the bounce. It is also noticed that the inclusion of the deconfinement phase transition in term of the Polyakov loop does not change chiral phase transition dramatically for light quarks.- 21 June 2024
- Published by MDPI AG in Preprints.org
Open AccessBubble dynamics in the Polyakov quark-meson model
Based on the two-flavors Polyakov quark-meson model, we study the bubble dynamics of a first-order phase transition in chiral phase diagram at high density but low temperature in the framework of the homogeneous thermal nucleation theory. Under the mean-field approximation, after obtaining the effective potential with inclusion of the fermionic vacuum term, we build a geometric approach to probe two possibly existing minima, which can actually tunnel through a bounce interpolated between a metastable vacuum to an adjacent true vacuum. By separating our discussions into a weak first-order hadron quark phase transition and strong ones, the bubble profiles, the surface tension, the typical radius of the bounce and the saddle point action in the presence of a nucleation bubble as a function of temperature are numerically calculated in detail as the chemical potentials are fixed at $\mu=306 \mathrm{MeV}$ and $\mu=310 \mathrm{MeV}$. our results show that the surface tension remains a small value even when the density is very high and phase boundaries for hadron and quark matter should be resized properly according to the saddle point action evaluated on the bounce. It is also noticed that the inclusion of the deconfinement phase transition in term of the Polyakov loop does not change chiral phase transition dramatically for light quarks. - Open Access
Bubble nucleation in the two-flavor quark-meson model
We investigate the dynamics of a first-order quark-hadron transition via homogeneous thermal nucleation in the two-flavor quark-meson model. The contribution of the fermionic vacuum loop in the effective thermodynamics potential and phase diagram together with the location of critical end point (CEP) have been obtained in the temperature and chemical potential plane. For a weak and strong first-order phase transition, by taking the temperature as a variable, the critical bubble profiles, the evolutions of the surface tension and the saddle-point action in the presence of a nucleation bubble are numerically calculated in detail when fixing the chemical potentials at $μ=306 \mathrm{MeV}$ and $μ=309 \mathrm{MeV}$. Our results show that the system could be trapped in the metastable state for a long time as long as the temperature is between the metastable region characterized by the up and low spinodal lines. Moreover, the surface tension at criticality will rise up to about $4 \mathrm{MeV/fm^2}$ when the chemical potential is very high. Such a small value of the surface tension would favor a mixed phase in the cores of compact stars and may have an important implication in astrophysics.Open AccessBubble nucleation in the two-flavor quark-meson model
We investigate the dynamics of a first-order quark-hadron transition via homogeneous thermal nucleation in the two-flavor quark-meson model. The contribution of the fermionic vacuum loop in the effective thermodynamics potential and phase diagram together with the location of critical end point (CEP) have been obtained in the temperature and chemical potential plane. For a weak and strong first-order phase transition, by taking the temperature as a variable, the critical bubble profiles, the evolutions of the surface tension and the saddle-point action in the presence of a nucleation bubble are numerically calculated in detail when fixing the chemical potentials at $μ=306 \mathrm{MeV}$ and $μ=309 \mathrm{MeV}$. Our results show that the system could be trapped in the metastable state for a long time as long as the temperature is between the metastable region characterized by the up and low spinodal lines. Moreover, the surface tension at criticality will rise up to about $4 \mathrm{MeV/fm^2}$ when the chemical potential is very high. Such a small value of the surface tension would favor a mixed phase in the cores of compact stars and may have an important implication in astrophysics. - 1 January 2022
- Published by Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Acta Physica Sinica
- Vol. 71 (21) , 211101
Analytical solution of surface tension of quark-hadron phase transition
基于Friedberg-Lee模型，在薄壁近似下我们研究了强子夸克一级相变的动力学机制，详细讨论了稳定真空相气泡的场位形、表面张力、临界半径和核合成自由能等物理量随温度与夸克化学势密度的变化关系。通过与精确解的对比，讨论了薄壁近似的适用条件，以及薄壁近似的优缺点等问题。
- 1 January 2022
- Published by Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Acta Physica Sinica
- Vol. 71 (21) , 211101
Analytical solution of surface tension of quark-hadron phase transition
基于Friedberg-Lee模型，在薄壁近似下我们研究了强子夸克一级相变的动力学机制，详细讨论了稳定真空相气泡的场位形、表面张力、临界半径和核合成自由能等物理量随温度与夸克化学势密度的变化关系。通过与精确解的对比，讨论了薄壁近似的适用条件，以及薄壁近似的优缺点等问题。
- Open Access
Bubble dynamics in a strong first-order quark-hadron transition
We investigate the dynamics of a strong first-order quark-hadron transition driven by cubic interaction via homogeneous bubble nucleation in the Friedberg-Lee model. The one-loop effective thermodynamics potential of the model and the critical bubble profiles have been calculated at different temperatures and chemical potentials. By taking the temperature and the chemical potential as the variables, the evolutions of the surface tension, the typical radius of the critical bubble and the shift in the coarse-grained free energy in the presence of a nucleation bubble are obtained and the limit on the reliability of the thin-wall approximation is also addressed accordingly. Our results are compared to those obtained for a weak first-order quark-hadron phase transition, especially the spinodal decomposition is relevant.
Open AccessBubble dynamics in a strong first-order quark-hadron transition
We investigate the dynamics of a strong first-order quark-hadron transition driven by cubic interaction via homogeneous bubble nucleation in the Friedberg-Lee model. The one-loop effective thermodynamics potential of the model and the critical bubble profiles have been calculated at different temperatures and chemical potentials. By taking the temperature and the chemical potential as the variables, the evolutions of the surface tension, the typical radius of the critical bubble and the shift in the coarse-grained free energy in the presence of a nucleation bubble are obtained and the limit on the reliability of the thin-wall approximation is also addressed accordingly. Our results are compared to those obtained for a weak first-order quark-hadron phase transition, especially the spinodal decomposition is relevant.
- Open Access
- 22 January 2021
- Published by IOP Publishing in Chinese Physics C
- Vol. 45 (4) , 043104
Bubble dynamics in a strong first-order quark-hadron transition *
We investigate the dynamics of a strong first-order quark-hadron transition driven by cubic interactions via homogeneous bubble nucleation in the Friedberg-Lee model. The one-loop effective thermodynamic potential of the model and the critical bubble profiles have been calculated at different temperatures and chemical potentials. By taking the temperature and the chemical potential as variables, the evolutions of the surface tension, the typical radius of the critical bubble, and the shift in the coarse-grained free energy in the presence of a nucleation bubble are obtained, and the limit on the reliability of the thin-wall approximation is also addressed accordingly. Our results are compared to those obtained for a weak first-order quark-hadron phase transition; in particular, the spinodal decomposition is relevant.
- 22 January 2021
- Published by IOP Publishing in Chinese Physics C
- Vol. 45 (4) , 043104
Open AccessBubble dynamics in a strong first-order quark-hadron transition *
We investigate the dynamics of a strong first-order quark-hadron transition driven by cubic interactions via homogeneous bubble nucleation in the Friedberg-Lee model. The one-loop effective thermodynamic potential of the model and the critical bubble profiles have been calculated at different temperatures and chemical potentials. By taking the temperature and the chemical potential as variables, the evolutions of the surface tension, the typical radius of the critical bubble, and the shift in the coarse-grained free energy in the presence of a nucleation bubble are obtained, and the limit on the reliability of the thin-wall approximation is also addressed accordingly. Our results are compared to those obtained for a weak first-order quark-hadron phase transition; in particular, the spinodal decomposition is relevant.