Patnamsetty Chidanandha Nagajyothi

Liver disease is an increasing global issue, influenced by factors like heavy alcohol use, genetic factors, and contact with harmful substances. Nanoparticles have become potential therapeutic agent for the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease, especially alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and liver cancer. Several factors such as oxidative stress, toxicity from acetaldehyde, inflammations, immune system abnormalities, and gut-liver axis disruption contribute to ALD. By focusing on particular cells, tissues, or molecular pathways, nanoparticles facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles have the ability to modulate transcription factors like NF-κB, STAT3, Nrf2, and β-catenin, and can be utilized to deliver therapeutic agents such as resveratrol and siRNA to target specific pathways associated with liver cancer. Various types of nanoparticles, such as cerium oxide, bilirubin, and iron oxide nanoparticles, have demonstrated the ability to modulate crucial transcription factors and signaling pathways related to liver disease. Additionally, nanoparticles can improve imaging methods like MRI, CT, ultrasound, and fluorescence imaging, providing new opportunities to enhance clinical results. This review highlights the potential of nanoparticles in advancing liver disease diagnosis and treatment, and underscores the need for further research to fully explore their therapeutic potential.

This comprehensive study investigates the advanced application of green technology-based, non-toxic, metal oxide-derived edible nano preparations, especially edible nanoparticles (ENPs) and nanoemulsions, for crop and food preservation. The study is designed to address critical food security problems, these nanoformulations can be integrated into preservative films, packets, and coatings to extend the shelf life of food products. The gold, copper and chitosan will serve as core materials, integrated with bioactive substances to create sustainable nanostructures. The physicochemical and biological properties will be categorized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR, while antioxidant, anticoagulant, and cytotoxicity assays will estimate safety and functional performance. The aim is to enhance formulations that promote sustainable agriculture by reducing the need for chemical inputs and increasing crop yield. Nano-based edible films present an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional preservation techniques. In addition, their biodegradability and consumer safety statement pressing concerns regarding the adverse health and ecological impacts of plastic packaging. The green synthesis approach ensures eco-friendly, scalable, and sustainable production methods that hold potential applications across agriculture, food systems, healthcare, and medicine. The conclusion of this review is to demonstrate that edible nanoparticles and nanoemulsions can effectively improve food preservation, enhance sustainability, and replace harmful plastic packaging. The outcomes will contribute to advancing food security, protecting human health, and mitigating environmental challenges.

Supercapacitors have garnered substantial interest owing to their capacity to deliver power effectively for short-term applications. However, current supercapacitors suffer from limited stability and low-capacity storage. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a promising solution due to their high surface area and abundant active redox sites. MOF-based electrodes combined with aqueous based electrolytes have shown potential to enhance supercapacitor performance. While there is limited literature on MIL-101(Fe) MOF-based electrodes, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the supercapacitor performance of MIL-101(Fe) electrodes synthesized using hydrothermal and microwave-assisted processes. Processing parameters, such as the method used, alter the microstructure, morphology, and uniformity of supramolecular chemistry, impacting electrochemical characteristics. This study aimed to determine the active redox reactions, chemical stability, surface area, adsorption characteristics, and electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes. The electrodes from hydrothermal synthesis [MF(ht)] exhibited excellent electrochemical activity in comparison to the microwave-assisted [MF(m)] electrodes in the three-electrode configuration. At a high current density of 7 A/g, the MF(ht) electrode displayed a remarkable specific capacitance of 775.6 F/g and a good cyclic stability (82% @ 10 A/g) after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. At a current density of 1 A/g, the two-electrode configuration of MF(ht) yielded a high energy density of 74.7 Wh/kg at a power density of 2160 W/kg and a decent cyclic stability after 5000 cycles. The results suggest that the MF(ht) electrodes possess remarkable electrochemical properties that make them a promising candidate for advanced applications in energy storage.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial half-reaction in water splitting. However, this reaction is kinetically sluggish owing to the four-electron (4 e⁻) transfer process. Therefore, the development of low-cost, stable, highly efficient, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the OER is highly desirable. Metal oxides derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the most efficient electrocatalysts for the OER. Herein, Ce–MOF-derived CeO₂/graphene oxide (GO) composites were successfully prepared using a facile method. The composites with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg GO were named CeO₂, CeO₂–GO-1, CeO₂–GO-2, and CeO₂–GO-3, respectively. The physicochemical characteristics of the electrocatalysts were assessed using several analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The TEM results revealed that the CeO₂ had a sheet-like morphology and that a GO layer was noticeable in the synthesized CeO₂–GO-3 composite. The characterization results confirmed the formation of impurity-free CeO₂–GO composites. The OER activity and stability were measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CeO₂–GO-3 electrocatalyst has a smaller Tafel slope (176 mV·dec⁻¹) and lower overpotential (240 mV) than the other electrocatalysts. In addition, it exhibited high cyclic stability for up to 10 h. Therefore, the inexpensive CeO₂–GO-3 electrocatalyst is a promising OER candidate.

In this study, manganese tungstate (MW) and MW/graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared by a facile hydrothermal synthesis at pH values of 7 and 12. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy were used for the structural, compositional, and morphological characterization of the nanoparticles (NPs). The XRD analysis revealed that the formation of monoclinic MnWO₄ did not have impurities. The SEM and TEM analyses showed that the synthesized NPs were rod-shaped and well-distributed on the GO. The as-synthesized samples can be used as electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). The MW@GO-12 electrocatalyst exhibited higher current density values compared to other electrocatalysts. This study provides a new platform for synthesizing inexpensive nanocomposites as promising electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.