Kafeel Ahmad Siddiqui

Cd-MOF achieved 96.25% methyl orange and 95.45% chloramphenicol degradation under sunlight. TMB@Cd-MOF enabled rapid Fe ³⁺ sensing (LOD: 0.103 ppm; K _en = 7.58 × 10 ⁵ M ⁻¹ ), with strong Fe ³⁺ adsorption (−2.546 eV) confirmed by DFT.

Ce-CP enables selective fluorescence detection of riboflavin with a low detection limit of 1.618 ppm. Experimental and DFT studies reveal inner filter effect-assisted quenching and host–guest electronic interactions.

A ligand-engineered Cu-MOF enables BPA sensing and visible-light photocatalysis; TMB-Cu@MOF-1 detects Cd ²⁺ on test strips. Detection limits of 0.319 and 0.179 ppm are achieved, with >96% degradation in 90 min. ROS and DFT studies reveal mechanism.

Ni–HBSF enabled sensitive sensing of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine (LODs: 0.949 and 0.534 ppm) and delivered 232.1 F g ⁻¹ at 2 A g ⁻¹ with 97% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles.

A layered sql-type Co-MOF with paddle-wheel Co( ii ) units delivered 396 F g ⁻¹ capacitance at 0.5 A g ⁻¹ , retained 81.68% after 10 000 cycles, and achieved visible-light H ₂ evolution of 6.03 mmol h ⁻¹ g ⁻¹ (24.13 mmol g ⁻¹ cumulative).

The development of efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for environmental remediation is of significant interest in addressing the rising concerns of pharmaceutical and dye contaminants in aquatic systems. In this work, a Co–Al layered double hydroxide (Co–Al LDH) decorated on a nitrogen-enriched graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₅) nanocomposite (LN) with varying weight ratios (1 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 1) was successfully synthesised via a facile solvothermal method followed by ultrasonic exfoliation. The optimised LN2 : 1 catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic behaviour was evaluated for photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and antibiotic detection via photoluminescence sensing. The LN2 : 1 nanocomposite achieved the highest degradation efficiency of 93.4% against ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 92.1% against Cresol Red (CR) within 120 minutes under solar irradiation, demonstrating its superior catalytic activity compared to pristine g-C₃N₅ and Co–Al LDH. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation of 1903.28 µM L⁻¹ (5.5 times that of g-C₃N₅ and 16.43 times that of Co–Al LDH), which was substantially higher than that of pristine components, indicating its ability to drive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated photocatalytic pathways. Moreover, LN2 : 1 showed the most efficient photoluminescence sensing performance toward ciprofloxacin (CIP), achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.982 ppm and R² of 0.979. The BET surface area analysis demonstrated a 2D nano-platelet-like composite with a higher surface area of 30.647 m² g⁻¹, indicative of a structure with abundant active sites for light harvesting and catalytic activation. Experimental analysis, including electrochemical analysis and radical scavenging tests, indicated the involvement of a Type-II mechanism, which markedly enhances charge carrier separation and utilisation, facilitating the generation of ROS such as superoxide (˙O₂ ⁻) and hydroxyl (˙OH) radicals that drive REDOX processes. This study provides a sustainable photocatalytic strategy with the potential to tackle real-world environmental challenges by enabling efficient degradation of emerging contaminants and advancing water purification technologies.