Eduardo Linhares Qualharini

O presente estudo investiga a sustentabilidade na etapa de desfazimento no Ciclo de Vida (CV) de embarcações militares da Marinha do Brasil (MB), a partir da dessensibilização de sistemas e proteção embarcados nesses meios comparando-os com a Marinha dos EUA. Fundamenta-se nos conceitos de Gestão do Ciclo de Vida (GCV), sustentabilidade ambiental, logística reversa e proteção da informação, ancorados em normas e convenções internacionais como SOLAS, Convenção da Basileia, Convenção de Hong Kong, Diretiva RoHS da União Europeia, além da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Complementam o arcabouço teórico normativas militares nacionais e internacionais relacionadas à dessensibilização e ao desfazimento de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos embarcados. A pesquisa adota abordagem qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, baseada em análise documental, normativa e bibliográfica, comparando os procedimentos de dessensibilização e descarte de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos da Marinha do Brasil e da Marinha dos Estados Unidos. Os resultados indicam que a Marinha dos EUA apresenta processos normatizados e integrados de dessensibilização e descarte sustentável, enquanto a Marinha do Brasil possui avanços pontuais, porém carece de normativas específicas e consolidadas para a gestão ambiental e informacional dos REEE na fase de desfazimento dos meios navais. O estudo contribui para o aprimoramento das políticas públicas e normativas internas da Marinha do Brasil, subsidiando a adoção de práticas mais sustentáveis, seguras e alinhadas aos acordos internacionais no desfazimento de meios navais. O artigo aborda uma lacuna acadêmica ao analisar a dessensibilização de sistemas eletroeletrônicos navais sob a ótica simultânea da sustentabilidade ambiental e da proteção da informação, tema ainda pouco explorado no contexto brasileiro.

Observando-se a piora no microclima da Zona Norte da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro buscou-se compreender causas específicas da localidade através de análise de uso e ocupação do solo imageamento por meio de sensoriamento remoto, a partir de imagens termais gratuitas e de baixa resolução. Os resultados mostram grande correlação do modo pelo qual este território está sendo modificado através do processo de verticalização: perda de áreas verdes intralote, e diminuição da umidade, bastante restringida pelo encapsulamento dos pequenos rios da região. A predominância deste último fator aponta para a necessidade de melhorias na infraestrutura verde e, principalmente, na azul, como eixo central no planejamento urbano com vistas à mitigação para a ilha de calor, melhoria estética, de biodiversidade e qualidade de vida da população.

Objective: This study investigates sustainability in the disposal stage of the life cycle (LC) of Brazilian Navy (BN) military vessels, based on the perceptions of BN professionals. Theoretical Framework: The disposal of naval assets is a complex area of international and national law. It involves the safe decommissioning of ships at the end of their useful life. Proper ship recycling seeks to minimize environmental impacts, especially in relation to the disposal of toxic materials, and encourages the recycling of components. Despite its sovereign immunity, previous studies and cases show that the Brazilian Navy faces difficulties in implementing sustainable measures due to regulatory and financial barriers. The concepts of Life Cycle Management (LCM) and circular economy (CE), aligned with international legislation such as the Hong Kong Convention (IMO, 2009), the European Union Ship Recycling Regulation (SRR), and the Basel Convention (UNITED NATIONS, 1989) are essential for the formulation of sustainable strategies, as are the strategic frameworks of National Defense, such as the National Defense Policy (PDN), National Defense Strategy (END), Brazilian Naval Policy (PNB), and Navy Strategic Plan (PEM), also referenced here. Method: An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted, including a literature review using scientific sources and official documents, aligned with an online questionnaire answered by 35 experts from the Brazilian Navy's Naval Engineering Directorate (DEN), all of which were valid. Results and Discussion: The results reveal that most experts demonstrate limited knowledge of international standards, with up to 38.5% stating that they are unaware of the Hong Kong Convention and 30.8% unaware of European initiatives. On the other hand, there is strong consensus on the importance of the issue: more than 90% recognize the environmental and health risks of dismantling, 92.3% agree that sustainable practices generate savings, and 69.2% express full support for the adoption of international standards. In addition, the entire sample (100%) considers the creation of internal guidelines to be urgent and believes that the debate on sustainable disposal should be expanded throughout the Force. Implications of the Research: The study highlights the urgent need for regulatory frameworks that can guide, train, and empower MB personnel in the disposal of military vessels, incorporating international legislation combined with ecological, economic, and logistical dimensions, as already employed by the navies of the United States, the European Union, and China. Originality/Value: This is one of the first studies to explore the disposal of military vessels from the perspective of Brazilian Navy experts, providing a comparative analysis with practices carried out in other navies for the same purposes. The results offer valuable insights for policymakers in the country's military naval sector.

Introduction: Despite the great importance of rivers for human survival, as a source of water for human and animal consumption, a source of food, a means of transportation and leisure, and a scenic value, the situation of these bodies of water has been neglected in several countries. Despite the renaturalization measures found in some rivers, smaller rivers have been neglected and made invisible in a systemic logic of adapting nature to political and economic interests. Such insensitivity to water is notable in the State of Rio de Janeiro, where the basins of the largest urban centers are those that present (INEA, 2025) the most polluted and most uncharacterized rivers of their original watercourses, such as those in the Guanabara Bay basin. Despite this, cities that are still growing tend to repeat standards and solutions adopted by larger cities. The concept of Water-Sensitive Urban Design has sought to introduce water as a new protagonist in urban planning, as well as the interaction between soil, city and water, in an attempt to reverse the historical process of appropriation, use and occupation of urban land, which is generally ‘insensitive’ to the presence of water. In order to introduce measures based on this concept, it is necessary to analyze the historical process that led to the desensitization, allowing us to identify mitigation and adaptation measures and what should be avoided in the growth of new cities. Objectives: The objective of this study is to reflect on the process of appropriation, occupation and use of land in the North Zone of the City of Rio de Janeiro in order to identify the main factors that led to this situation of disqualification of urban rivers. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on the latest approaches to the concept of sustainable development, analyzing the issue from a multidisciplinary point of view, which includes the quality of river water, the population settled in its surroundings and their relationship with such bodies of water, in addition to evaluating the solutions currently adopted in light of the concept of Water-Sensitive Urban Design. It is also based on the existing legal framework that has proven incapable of reversing the processes that led to the current state of affairs. Method: The methodology adopted for this research included the following steps: selection and survey of the current conditions of the basin of a river in the North Zone of the City of Rio de Janeiro; bibliographic and iconographic research of the geomorphological conditions and the historical process of management, use and appropriation of the land in the chosen area, including the legislative framework, mainly from the second half of the 19th century. Finally, the possibilities of renaturalization of the rivers in the analyzed area were evaluated in light of the legislation currently in force. Results and Discussion: The method adopted allowed a space-time analysis that shows that the quality of the rivers was only maintained while they were depended on for supply and navigation, since technological development stimulated and allowed their denaturalization, always supported by the legal framework. The following main factors of insensitivity to water were observed: large amount of labor, mainly slaves, allowing extensive occupation of the territory for agriculture; lack of knowledge of measures and treatments to prevent the proliferation of vectors of disease transmission; disregard for the importance of the microecosystems existing in the region, the landscape and the leisure of the poorest population; development of techniques: railroads, river rectification, grandiose landfills; the claim to dominate nature, very fashionable at the beginning of the 20th century; inability of the government to provide decent housing for the poorest in suitable places; economic, political and financial interests, which began with the need to take over the territory and make it produce for foreign trade and which today serve the owners of companies and investors in the construction industry. It was also possible to conclude that the geomorphological conditions did not indicate such dense or poorly vegetated land use and that the legislation in force is not capable of reversing this state of affairs. In light of the theoretical framework, the environmental and social implications of such processes and the management difficulties to reverse them were observed. Implications of the Research: In order for the city of Rio de Janeiro to implement the concept of Water-Sensitive Urban Design, it will be necessary to include this concept in the legislation and to plan for the medium and long-term measures to be implemented. It is clear that this concept can still be adopted in specific projects, through restored stretches of rivers and linear parks, for example, which would also raise awareness among the population about the presence of their rivers, reversing the “ditch paradigm”. Originality/Value: The study is relevant to avoid similar mistakes in the few urban areas where this is still possible. It also offers an important contribution to small Brazilian municipalities that seek to adopt the same solutions as large cities, repeating mistakes that are already clearly harmful to the environment and society as a whole. Just as it is still possible to reverse the situation of insensitivity to water in large cities through specific solutions, it is possible and desirable for smaller municipalities to adopt new solutions, preserving their rivers with all the possibilities they offer to human beings.

Objective: This study analyzes the application of ABNT NBR 15575 with a focus on the durability of ceramic coatings in façades, exploring the impact of material selection and application on the sustainability and longevity of buildings. Grounded in concepts of material durability and sustainable practices in civil construction, the research highlights the relevance of technical criteria and informed choices to reduce environmental impacts and improve building efficiency. The methodology combined quantitative and qualitative approaches, including the survey method and a structured questionnaire based on the Likert Scale, applied to industry professionals such as engineers, architects, sustainability consultants, and material suppliers. The quantitative analysis of data collected through an online platform was complemented by qualitative interpretation, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the results. These findings indicate that recurring issues, such as cracks and detachment in façades, are associated with inadequate practices in material selection and application, compromising the durability and sustainability of buildings. The study provides practical guidelines to enhance compliance with ABNT NBR 15575, promoting more durable buildings with lower environmental impact. By integrating sustainability and technical performance concepts, the research contributes to advancements in civil construction, offering practical recommendations to improve durability and reduce the environmental impacts of ceramic-clad façades. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on studies on the evolution of ABNT NBR 15575, emphasizing the integration of sustainability concepts into material selection and the environmental performance of buildings. The theoretical foundations include analyses of durability and sustainable practices that promote more efficient constructions with lower ecological impact. Method: The methodology combines a literature review on durability and sustainability, the application of Likert scale questionnaires, and field research for empirical data collection. These methods help identify gaps between current construction practices and normative requirements, focusing on environmentally responsible solutions. Results and Discussion: The results highlight that many of the practices analyzed present challenges in both durability and sustainability. Gaps in material selection and execution negatively impact environmental efficiency and building performance. The discussion addresses the results from the perspective of sustainable construction, emphasizing strategies to minimize pathologies and extend the lifespan of façades. Research Implications: The research proposes practical guidelines that integrate durability and sustainability as fundamental pillars. These contributions aim to reduce pathologies in façades, optimize resource use, and promote environmentally responsible construction practices. Originality/Value: This study stands out by offering a detailed analysis of compliance with ABNT NBR 15575, proposing practical and sustainable solutions based on empirical data. The research adds value to the sector by integrating sustainability as a central axis for more durable buildings with a lower environmental impact.

Este artigo é uma pesquisa sobre a disseminação do conceito de “Ruas Completas”, mais especificamente no contexto do ambiente construído, visando, ainda, contribuir para uma maior qualidade de vida para os habitantes no meio urbano. O conceito de “Ruas Completas” é uma proposta de design urbano que enfatiza a criação de vias que sejam seguras, confortáveis e convenientes para todos os usuários, independentemente das condicionantes e da mobilidade ou capacidade. Este conceito traz uma série de benefícios como inclusividade, segurança, sustentabilidade e estímulo a atividade física, propiciano a resiliência na vitalidade econômica. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os principais desafios na implementação de “Ruas Completas”, utilizando a comparação entre cidades que já tiveram essa implementação e a realidade brasileira, verificando quais são as barreiras políticas e técnicas para respeitar a importância da infraestrutura verde na mobilidade urbana. As metodologias empregadas foram pesquisas de campo em enquetes de municipalidade do Rio de Janeiro. Este tema, a luz das críticas e sugestões geradas, certamente continuará a propiciar importantes discussões à medida que mais cidades buscariam maneiras de se tornarem mais saudáveis e inclusivas, requerendo contribuições de como deverão ser os predicados para a implantação de um projeto de “Ruas Completas”.

A requalificação de cidades é um processo que incrementa o ciclo de vida de edificações. Neste artigo é apresentado um levantamento dos fatores que influenciam essa tendência de crescimento urbano para se analisar o potencial das práticas de reabilitação na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Neste levantamento buscaram-se os conceitos e premissas que caracterizam os termos que compõe o processo de reabilitação para em seguida relacionar e desenvolver os fatores apontados por autores de estudos relacionados ao tema, que indicam, principalmente, como são as influências destes para a tendência de crescimento da área. A análise de como tais fatores se relacionam com a cidade do Rio de Janeiro foi realizada a partir da correlação com as características econômicas, sociais, urbanísticas e políticas da cidade, indicando um cenário promissor para as práticas de reabilitação urbana nos próximos anos, aderente às especificidades locais e se apresentando como uma alternativa para redução dos impactos causados no setor da construção civil.