Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah

Context: Medication administration errors is continuous problem in hospitals and occur too frequently, error is unavoidable human action, since medication treatment is a risky procedure that deal with human live therefore error in this process can lead to dangerous consequences on patient well-being, traditionally nurses were blamed for those errors and considered as malpractice action since medication treatment is manly performed by nurses. Objectives: The current study examines the conditions that influence medication error in the perspective systemic approach. Methods: reviewing medication error contributing conditions topic is outlined, exploiting different perspective of how error occurs in medication process. Results and conclusion: the present study concluded that system approach permit a comprehensive set of contributing conditions underlying medication error to be recognize and addressed, rather than just adopt individual centered approach, Future studies should examine underlying conditions, in the perception of work practice environment conditions, team work conditions, task related conditions and individual conditions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s1p403

Pain is one of the most common reasons that drives people to go to hospitals. It has been found that several factors affect the practices of pain management. In this regard, this study aimed at investigating the underlying determinants in terms of pain management practices. Based on reviewing the previous studies and the suggestions of the KAP model, it was hypothesized that the main elements of the KAP model (attitudes and knowledge) significantly predict the variation in the practices of nurses regarding pain management. A questionnaire comprising the KAP model’ s constructs , i.e. knowledge and attitude towards pain management , as well as pain management practices, was used to collect data from 266 registered nurses ( n=266) who are deemed competent in the management of patients’ pain in the Jordanian public hospitals. The two constructs, attitude and knowledge, which are the main determinants of the KAP model were found to independently predict nurses’ practices of managing patients’ pain. Knowledge of pain management was found to be the strongest predictor. Additionally, it was found that about 69% of the variance in pain management could be explained by the constructs of the KAP model. Therefore, it is recommended that the Jordanian hospitals and universities focus on nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards pain management in order to enhance their practices in the field of pain management.