Wensheng Yan

Integrating polarization discrimination directly into optoelectronic synapses enables the fusion of polarization perception, memory, and preprocessing at the device level, thereby enhancing information density and computational efficiency. This architecture overcomes the limitations of conventional polarization detection schemes that rely on bulky optical components and external data processing. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials provide a versatile platform for such on‐chip linear‐polarization‐sensitive optoelectronic synapses (LPOSs), owing to their tunable anisotropy and heterointegration compatibility. This review systematically surveys recent advances in 2D LPOSs through three material design strategies: intrinsic low‐symmetry crystals, heterostructure engineering, and artificially induced anisotropy. We establish a comparative framework correlating crystal symmetry, polarization‐selective absorption, carrier dynamics, and synaptic plasticity via four key mechanisms: defect‐dominated carrier trapping, strain‐bulk photovoltaic (strain‐BPV)‐assisted carrier separation, intrinsic slow carrier relaxation, and heterojunction‐mediated charge storage. We further highlight emerging applications in polarization‐encoded optical communication, bioinspired navigation, and in‐sensor imaging. Finally, we discuss critical challenges and outline future directions toward strongly anisotropic materials, actively tunable polarization sensitivity, and wafer‐scale integration, offering a roadmap for high‐performance LPOSs and compact neuromorphic polarized visual systems.

1D/3D heterostructure perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention owing to their exceptional stability. However, conventional 1D perovskites typically align parallel to the substrate or in disordered orientations, hindering longitudinal carrier transport and limiting device efficiency. Here, we introduce a bilayer interface engineering strategy to induce a vertically oriented 1D capping layer on the surface of the 3D perovskite surface. This vertically ordered 1D/3D heterojunction enables extended carrier lifetime with rapid interlayer charge transport. More importantly, the vertically oriented 1D capping layer not only tunes energy level alignment but also significantly reduces interface trap density, thereby minimizing photovoltage deficit to 350 mV. With these merits, the champion device achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.9% (26.0% certified). Under high-temperature 85 °C and continuous illumination conditions, the 1D/3D devices maintain 83% and 86% of their initial efficiency after 500 and 1200 hours, respectively, demonstrating their excellent practical durability.

The presence of residual/excess lead iodide (PbI ₂ ) in lead halide perovskites has been pivotal for advancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet its chemically active nature poses severe stability challenges. Achieving optimal device performance without compromising long‐term stability remains a critical hurdle in perovskite photovoltaic technologies. This review systematically analyzes the mechanistic role residual/excess PbI ₂ in PSCs, elucidating its impact on both device efficiency and stability. A series of recent strategies for regulating residual/excess PbI ₂ have been further summarized, including regulating the distribution of the residual PbI ₂ , controlling the crystallization kinetics of PbI ₂ , and eliminating the excess PbI ₂ . By providing a comprehensive roadmap for balancing efficiency and stability, this work aims to guide the rational design of high‐performance and long‐term stable PSCs.

This work identifies the optimal pre-lithiation threshold for NCM811 in AFLMBs by resolving the trade-off between Li-compensation and structural degradation.

Flexible perovskite solar cells (F‐PSCs) have attracted considerable interest for their superior mechanical flexibility. Nonetheless, cryptic bottom‐interface defects hinder further improvements in device performance. Here, a co‐self‐assembled monolayer (Co‐SAM) engineering strategy is implemented by integrating 4‐nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) into [4‐(3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) butyl] phosphonic acid (Me‐4PACz) to improve the NiO _x /perovskite (PVK) interface. This technique enhanced the surface uniformity and hydrophilic nature of the NiO _x /Me‐4PACz, while promoting favorable growth of PVK crystal orientation. Furthermore, the PNPP effectively mitigates the generation of defects at the NiO _x surface and the underlying PVK, ultimately significantly improving the interfacial charge transfer efficiency. Consequently, the efficiency of F‐PSCs rose from 21.46% to 23.66%. Due to better stress distribution within the PVK and stronger adhesion at the NiO _x /PVK boundary, the F‐PSCs retained 80% of their original efficiency even after undergoing 10 000 bending cycles. Notably, PNPP exhibited an outstanding capacity to capture PbI ₂ , contributing to the potential for reducing Pb leakage of the device under operational conditions.

One-dimensional/three-dimensional (1D/3D) heterostructure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their exceptional stability. However, conventional 1D perovskites typically align parallel to the substrate or random orientations, which hinders longitudinal carrier transport and consequently leads to generally low device efficiency. Here, we introduce an innovative bilayer interface engineering strategy to induce the formation of vertically oriented 1D perovskite phase along (001) on the surface of 3D perovskite substrate. Compared with 3D sample, the highly ordered 1D/3D perovskite structure enables extended carrier lifetime with rapid interlayer charge transport. More importantly, the vertically oriented 1D capping layer not only tunes energy level alignment but also significantly reduces trap density at the interface, thereby minimizing photovoltage deficit by approximately 350 mV. With these merits, the champion device achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.9%, representing one of the state-of-the-art levels among 1D/3D PSCs reported to date. Under rigorous testing conditions of high-temperature 85 °C and continuous illumination conditions, the 1D/3D devices maintain 83% and 86% of their initial efficiency after 500 and 1200 hours, respectively, demonstrating their excellent practical durability.