Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, particularly among adolescents and young adults, and its management remains limited by variable treatment response, poor adherence, and treatment‐related adverse effects. Aims: This review critically evaluates the mechanistic rationale, clinical evidence, safety considerations, and formulation challenges relating to topical epidermal growth factor (EGF) in active acne vulgaris and acne‐related sequelae. Methods: PubMed was searched from database inception through June 30, 2026, using predefined MeSH and free‐text terms related to AV, acne scarring, epidermal growth factor, EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling, keratinocytes, sebocytes, inflammation, skin‐barrier repair, wound healing, and topical delivery. PubMed‐indexed articles were selected through title‐and‐abstract screening followed by full‐text assessment. Human acne‐related studies were prioritized, while relevant preclinical studies were included to evaluate mechanistic, safety, and formulation‐related evidence. Owing to substantial heterogeneity in study design and indication, evidence was synthesized narratively rather than quantitatively. Results: Preclinical studies suggest that EGF/EGFR signaling may influence keratinocyte inflammation, migration, proliferation, and tissue repair; however, most of this evidence derives from non‐acne cellular or wound‐healing models. Direct clinical evidence for active acne is limited to two small, short‐term split‐face studies that reported preliminary within‐study improvements in lesion‐related outcomes. Separate small studies have evaluated topical EGF‐containing formulations for established atrophic acne scars or recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) as an adjunct to fractional laser treatment. These studies do not demonstrate prevention of new acne scars, and evidence from scar or post‐procedural settings cannot be extrapolated to active acne treatment. Heterogeneity in study design, formulation, indication, outcome assessment, and follow‐up prevents firm conclusions regarding clinically meaningful efficacy, comparative effectiveness, or long‐term safety. The single‐database, English‐language narrative‐review methodology also limits the comprehensiveness and certainty of the synthesis. Conclusions: Available studies provide preliminary biological rationale and limited clinical signals for topical EGF in acne‐related care, but the evidence is insufficient to establish clinically meaningful efficacy or an evidence‐based therapeutic role in active acne vulgaris. Evidence for topical EGF serum used alone on established atrophic scars remains weak, whereas the comparatively broader evidence concerns rhEGF as an adjunct after fractional laser treatment for established scars. Even in this procedural setting, heterogeneous protocols and limited evidence certainty preclude routine recommendation. Topical EGF should therefore remain investigational, and larger randomized controlled trials using standardized formulations, active comparators, indication‐specific outcomes, and longer safety follow‐up are required.

Background: Insufficient adherence to medication regimens creates a major challenge in the management of chronic pediatric diseases. This challenge can result in unfavorable clinical outcomes, increased healthcare costs, and reduced quality of life. This narrative review examines and synthesizes the existing evidence on the effectiveness of integrated approaches (combining health psychology ...

Background: Acne‐induced scarring remains a formidable challenge, compelling patients to explore surgical interventions. This study aims to delve into and showcase recent strides in acne scar treatment, with a specific focus on innovative therapies. Methods: Conducting a narrative review spanning studies from 2013 to 2023, this paper provides a general overview of interventions. The review included English‐language studies with full‐text availability. Rigorous data screening and extraction by two independent authors covered diverse facets, including study particulars, participant profiles, measurement tools, intervention durations, outcomes, and key findings. The initial search was performed within PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the gray literature. Results: Ultimately, 26 studies meeting inclusion criteria were included and reviewed for final analysis. Conclusion: Recognizing the varied nature of acne scars, this narrative review underscores the need for personalized treatment strategies, considering scar type and severity. The study also emphasizes the potential necessity of combining treatments for optimal results. Despite substantial progress, ongoing research and more extensive studies are imperative to continually refine acne scar treatment outcomes, ultimately enhancing the well‐being of those affected by this condition.

Introduction: Teledermatology, a branch of telemedicine, utilizes telecommunication technologies for remote dermatological care, covering diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient monitoring. This study presents a review of the latest advances in teledermatology. Method: Database searches were performed within PubMed, EMBase, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Artificial Intelligence,” “Teledermatology,” “Telemedicine,” and “Dermatology.” All relevant documents were screened and included in the study. Results: Teledermatology employs synchronous and asynchronous interactions alongside remote monitoring, breaking geographical barriers to access dermatologic expertise. Supported by digital imaging, secure communication platforms, and artificial intelligence, teledermatology aids in diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up. In education, teledermatology facilitates remote learning, case review, and interdisciplinary collaboration, providing access to diverse patient populations and mentorship opportunities. It also contributes to continuing medical education and telemedicine skill development. In research, teledermatology supports epidemiological studies, diagnostic accuracy assessments, clinical trials, and quality improvement initiatives. Despite its benefits, challenges like image quality, regulatory issues, and the digital divide persist. Conclusion: The evolution of teledermatology depends on technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and reimbursement models. By addressing challenges and embracing innovation, teledermatology promises to enhance dermatologic care, patient outcomes, and healthcare efficiency in the digital era.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology is both promising and challenging. This is important for clinicians to recognize most up‐to‐date knowledge and advancements.Results: Advantages include timely detection and diagnosis, enhanced accuracy, efficient triage, workflow automation, personalized treatment, outcome prediction, education support, telemedicine aid, research facilitation, cost‐efficiency, scalability, and drug development. However, limitations include generalizability issues, image quality variations, data requirements, interpretability concerns, patient acceptance, liability, multidisciplinary coordination challenges, data bias risks, lack of explainability, potential loss of clinical skills, security and privacy risks, resource intensiveness, integration challenges, validation and regulation gaps, and limited clinical assessment. Bridging these gaps requires robust ethical frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, education, regulation focusing on patient safety and privacy, standardized data sets, transparency, and human oversight.Conclusion: Despite the challenges, AI holds significant potential to revolutionize dermatology practice, improving patient outcomes, healthcare accessibility, and research advancements. Further research and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial to maximize AI's benefits and address its limitations effectively.

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology is revolutionizing the diagnostic methods and management strategies and hence is uplifting the overall patient care. AI technologies have shown a significant potential in automated diagnosis, severity assessment of chronic cutaneous diseases like psoriasis, and the development of comprehensive dermatological databases is helping in swift disease detection.Objective: This review aims to explore the current landscape and future potential of AI in inflammatory skin diseases. It focuses on various automated diagnostic systems, the role of AI in assessment and staging of chronic inflammatory dermatological conditions, and the importance of dermatological databases. The review also addresses the various challenges associated with AI implementation.Methods: A extensive literature search was conducted from databases namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Search terms included combinations of “artificial intelligence,” “deep learning,” “dermatology,” “automated diagnosis,” and “dermatological databases” from different field of study. Articles were selected and reviewed based on relevance and quality, highlighting studies demonstrating AI's impact on diagnosis and management.Results: AI‐powered diagnostic systems have ominously advanced, offering noninvasive and accessible diagnostic tool(s) that use extensive datasets to improve accuracy and efficacy across different populations. The development of dermatological databases is fundamental for training of different AI models. Despite these advances, challenges related to data privacy, regulatory oversight, and inclusivity in AI models persist. Addressing these challenges is essential for augmenting and optimizing AI's potential in dermatology.Conclusion: AI is set to transmute dermatology by augmenting diagnostic precision, customizing treatment plans, and making dermatological care more reachable, particularly in underprivileged areas. This review highlights the various advances made in AI for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory skin disorders, acknowledging the ethical and technical hurdles that need to be addressed.

Background: Infective and infectious dermatological diseases, which range from minor diseases like impetigo to serious diseases like deep fungal infections, pose significant public health issues. Given the growth of drug‐resistant microorganisms, it is critical to investigate novel techniques in dermatology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown promising results in improving the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infectious skin disorders. This has the potential to significantly improve dermatological treatment by combining physician experience with data‐driven insights.Objective: This review will look into the existing uses and future possibilities of AI technologies in infectious dermatology, including machine learning and deep learning. Its goal is to highlight major advances, identify gaps in understanding and technical advancement, and recommend viable future research directions.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the scientific literature was performed using well‐known databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. A specific set of phrases relevant to AI and infectious dermatology was used to ensure a thorough search. Articles were picked based on their relevance, timeliness, and quality, with a particular emphasis on research demonstrating how AI is being utilized to prevent, detect, diagnose, or manage infectious skin disorders.Results: AI has made significant contributions to the management of infection in dermatology. It has improved diagnostic accuracy, predictive modeling of drug resistance, and individualized care regimens. Deep learning is used to evaluate clinical images, predictive models are developed to forecast antibiotic resistance, and AI‐powered diagnostic tools for uncommon infections. The assessment also throws light on AI's role in pandemic preparedness and response.

Recurrent facial Microcystic adnexal carcinoma and hair transplantation on scar site

Introduction. Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is known as a lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecia. The main characteristic of FFA is progressive frontotemporal hairline recession. The pathogenesis of FFA is not completely understood. Destructing the stem cells of the epithelial hair follicles causes permanent hair loss and seems to be the main cause of FFA. Studies have reported significantly decreased quality of life in patients with hair loss. On the other hand, late diagnosis and treatment of FFA can decrease the success rate of the treatment. In this regard, different topical and systemic therapies have been developed to resolve the symptoms; however, only a partial response to treatment is usually achieved. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify the effectiveness of the available treatment modalities used for FFA patients and the related outcomes. Methods. On April 2022, we made a wide systematic computer‐assisted search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using “frontal fibrosing alopecia” and “treatment” keywords. We scanned 1,514 articles. All the studies concerning a therapeutic regimen for FFA were included. After removing duplicate studies, 50 studies containing the therapeutic regimen of 1,478 FFA patients were included in this review. Results. The 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors (oral finasteride/dutasteride) were the most used medications (usually prescribed as a combination therapy with other medications). Topical corticosteroids were the second commonly used medication for the treatment of FFA. Systemic corticosteroids seem to be ineffective in improving FFA progression. Oral isotretinoin (or alitretinoin) had the most promising effect on improving facial papules of FFA patients with a 92% rate of facial papule improvement. Conclusion. In our review, intralesional corticosteroid injection and 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors (finasteride/dutasteride) were reported as the most effective treatment modalities. Oral isotretinoin (or alitretinoin) is considered as the most promising treatment for improving facial papules in the context of FFA. However, it had minimal effects on hair regrowth or stabilization of hairline recession in FFA patients.