José Ventura Egoávil

Introduction: The Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) is an instrument designed to assess cognitive preferences based on the Whole Brain Model (logical-analytical, sequential-organized, interpersonal-emotional, and holistic-creative quadrants). Despite its international application, a validated adaptation for the Latin American context is absent. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the HBDI ( Jiménez, 2006 ) within a Latin American university student population. Methods: Data from 578 business university students were subjected to EFA to examine structural validity, internal consistency analysis for reliability, and a CFA to confirm the simplified factorial structure. Results: EFA yielded a reduced 11-item structure in Study 1, which was further refined to an 8-item solution (2 items per quadrant) in Study 2. Discussion/conclusion: The findings indicated robust factorial validity, and acceptable internal consistency for each subscale provides evidence of the adapted HBDI for use within Latin American university settings.

This article presents an empirical model examining the explanatory relationship between three constructs: populism, conspiracy beliefs, and extremist attitudes—defined as attitudes of rejection and destruction toward democratic systems, manifested through violent acts, and even terrorism. The research was conducted in an emerging economy country, using a representative sample of 400 citizens in full exercise of their civil rights. Data were analyzed using correlational analysis and a mediation model to test the influence of populist attitudes on extremist attitudes, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. Findings indicate that populist attitudes influence extremist attitudes, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. This suggests that individuals with populist attitudes are more prone to general extremism, amplified by conspiracy theories. An increase in populist attitudes may heighten inclinations toward violent extremism. Additionally, populist attitudes were found to explain both right‐ and left‐wing radicalism, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. However, contrary to findings in Europe and the United States, populism exhibited a highly significant relationship with left‐wing radicalism in this context. The study concludes that populism poses a greater risk than traditional ideologized radicalisms due to its ability to directly influence extremist attitudes, potentially translating into violent and even terrorist behaviors. This finding underscores the urgency of addressing populism as a sociopolitical phenomenon capable of exacerbating extremist dynamics in contemporary contexts.

This article presents an empirical model examining the explanatory relationship between three constructs: populism, conspiracy beliefs, and extremist attitudes—defined as attitudes of rejection and destruction toward democratic systems, manifested through violent acts, and even terrorism. The research was conducted in an emerging economic country, using a representative sample of 400 citizens in full exercise of their civil rights. The data were meticulously analyzed. The results indicate that populist attitudes influence extremist attitudes, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. This suggests that individuals with populist attitudes are more prone to general extremism, amplified by conspiracy theories. An increase in populist attitudes may heighten inclinations toward violent extremism. Additionally, populist attitudes were found to explain both right- and left-wing radicalism, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. However, contrary to findings in Europe and the United States, populism exhibited a highly significant relationship with left-wing radicalism in this context. A key conclusion of this study is that populism poses a greater risk than traditional ideologized radicalisms due to its ability to directly influence extremist attitudes, potentially translating into violent and even terrorist behaviors. This finding underscores the urgency of addressing populism as a sociopolitical phenomenon capable of exacerbating extremist dynamics in contemporary contexts.

Introduction: Nursing professionals have faced the COVID-19 pandemic and health crisis on the front lines. Caught without technical and material readiness, as well as without previous experience, they resorted to using their own resources such as self-esteem and self-efficacy to raise their performance and uphold their commitment to public health. It has been reported that one third of the 37,000 nurses working in Peru contracted COVID-19, and approximately 180 died from the virus. Objectives: Measure the influence of personal resources on engagement among professional nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Cross-sectional explanatory correlational research from a sample of 387 Peruvian nursing professionals. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. IBM SPSS Statistics V/26 software was used.Results: The results showed highly significant and positive correlations between the variables self-efficacy, self-esteem and engagement. Likewise, predictive values of more than 50% of personal resources on engagement were identified. Conclusions: Professional nurses during the pandemic perceived themselves with an average level of self-efficacy, high levels of self-esteem, and a medium level of engagement. Personal resources, self-efficacy and self-esteem, were able to predict the engagement of professional nurses in the dimensions of vigor, dedication and absorption. Introducción: Los profesionales de enfermería han enfrentado en primera línea la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia producida por la COVID 19. Fueron sorprendidos sin una preparación técnica, material y de conocimientos por lo cual recurrieron a sus propios recursos como la autoestima y la autoeficacia para elevar su desempeño y compromiso con la salud pública. En el Perú se reportó que, durante los dos primeros años de la pandemia, de 37 mil profesionales de enfermería, casi un 1/3 contrajeron el virus y aproximadamente, 180 fallecieron a causa de la Covid-19.Objetivos: Medir el efecto de la autoestima y la autoeficacia sobre el compromiso engagement en profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia de la Covid-19.Métodos: Investigación Explicativa Correlacional de corte transversal, en una muestra de 387 profesionales de enfermería peruanos. Se hizo un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial de correlaciones y regresiones. Se usó el software SPSS26.Resultados: Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y altamente significativas entre las variables, autoeficacia, autoestima y compromiso (engagement). Así mismo se identificó valores de predictibilidad superior al 50%, sobre el compromiso (engagement). Conclusiones: Los profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia se percibieron con un nivel de autoeficacia promedio, altos niveles de autoestima y un nivel de compromiso medio (engagement). Los recursos personales, autoeficacia y autoestima, lograron predecir el compromiso (engagement) de los profesionales de enfermería en las dimensiones de vigor, dedicación y absorción.

Poverty remains one of this millennium’s main problems, which why the first objective of sustainable development is poverty reduction. Multiple actors are working on this issue: states, multilateral organisms, civil societies, and—perhaps less boldly—the private sector, through social responsibility programs. In this research, the aim was to understand how rural families perceive the contribution of CSR programs, in respect to the decrease in rural poverty. A total of 20 rural families, who were beneficiaries from CSR programs belonging to two extractive companies, were interviewed; furthermore, they were no longer poor and were currently dwelling within the highlands and jungles of Perú. The results show that the CSR strategies used by the companies directly and indirectly contribute toward a reduction in rural poverty, and particularly those more specifically related to capacity development, access to markets, and strategic philanthropy. In this study, it was also found that families mostly use the strategy of informal entrepreneurship, which is not directly linked to the companies’ actions; as such, this could serve as a basis for the future implementation of CSR actions.

Introducción: Los lectores manifiestan sus comentarios en forma de cartas al editor sobre artículos previamente publicados, de investigaciones originales que no llegan al artículo original o sobre temas generales que requieren atención debido a su novedad. Ello tiene la posibilidad de recibir una respuesta en forma de réplica. Objetivo: Describir las características de las cartas al editor publicadas durante el periodo 2015-2020 en las revistas de educación médica en español indizadas en SciELO o Scopus. Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de tipo bibliométrico de las cartas al editor de las revistas: Educación Médica, Educación Médica Superior, Investigación en Educación Médica y la Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica. El periodo abarcado fue de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2020. Resultados: El promedio anual de cartas al editor fue de 13.23%, con un valor mínimo de 6.58%, en 2015; y máximo de 18.41%, en 2018. La filiación institucional de universidades fue la más frecuente (84.71%). La mayoría de autores tenía filiación peruana (43.80%) y el sexo masculino (78.93%). Las cartas redactadas en idioma español fueron el 99.59%. En relación con el propósito general, predominaron las de comentario general (42.56%) y comentarios sobre artículos previamente publicados (40.50%). La media de citas fue de 4.24 y la de hallazgos propios tuvo la mayor media con 6.39. Únicamente 11 cartas tuvieron réplicas. La media de autores fue 2.02. Conclusiones: La publicación de cartas al editor tuvo un incremento con los años, sigue siendo frecuente su uso como medio de crítica; sin embargo, no se vio frecuente la retroalimentación e intercambio de ideas a través de la réplica.

This study is one of the first empirical studies on intellectual capital (IC) in South American textile exporting companies. Using the resources and capabilities approach, we examine how certain intangibles can provide competitive advantages. We propose and test a model capturing the relationships between IC components and export performance (EP), as well as the various interrelationships among the different dimensions of IC. Using a sample of textile manufacturers operating in Peru, an emerging economy, we find that both human capital and structural capital have a significantly positive influence on EP. However, the data analysis does not confirm that relational capital has any positive influence on export performance.

Natural resource-based economies have long relied on foreign demand to fuel their growth. For instance, the extractive sectors in Peru have experienced a rapid expansion, driven by a rising demand for commodities. Alongside economic growth, extractive operations have triggered social and environmental concerns among the various stakeholders, thus resulting in either social conflict or a deterioration of the relationship between companies in the extractive industries and local communities. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to understand the relationships between companies in the extractive industries and rural families. This research uses the case-study method. The findings show that a trustful relationship is supported by a beneficiary-society approach that builds upon philanthropic and ethical types of relationships. Unlike the type of relationship based on economic or legal interests, a trust-based relationship offers avenues for managing social conflict that have yet to be explored.

¿Es posible (Re)insertar a los pobres al desarrollo?: Modelos y paradigmas