Kuppusamy Kanagaraj

This review on bioactive Hydrogels (Bio‐HyGs) synthesizes current advancements in their design and utilization, particularly emphasizing their roles in drug delivery and wound healing. Bio‐HyGs, including gelatin methacrylate (GM), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), are highlighted for their effectiveness in treating chronic wounds like diabetic and pressure ulcers, leveraging their moisture retention and tissue regeneration capabilities. These hydrogels are designed for the controlled release of bioactive compounds such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), thereby facilitating healing without the need for initial cell seeding. The review also covers hydrogels embedded with antimicrobial agents like silver nanoparticles and quaternized chitosan, which are crucial for managing infected wounds. Additionally, advancements in thermoresponsive hydrogels that respond to temperature changes and the application of self‐assembling peptides and 3D printing are discussed for their contributions to mimicking biological tissues, which enhance both drug delivery and wound healing. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of structural and functional modifications in Bio‐HyGs, exploring their potential in transforming clinical outcomes in wound treatment and drug delivery systems.

The landscape of prosthodontics and dental implantology is undergoing a transformative evolution, driven by remarkable advancements in materials science. This review explores the pivotal role of multifaceted materials, ceramics, polymers, metal alloys, and composites in revolutionizing dental restorative procedures. These materials are not only enhancing the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of dental prostheses and implants but also elevating aesthetic outcomes to meet patient expectations. Our discussion highlights how traditional materials like titanium (Ti) and cobalt-chromium (Co–Cr), alongside newer innovations such as zirconia and polymer-based composites, contribute to the restoration and enhancement of oral functions. Furthermore, this article delves into the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as 3D printing and computer-aided design/manufacturing, which synergize with these advanced materials to tailor dental solutions to individual patient needs, thereby improving both functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. As the field progresses, we anticipate future innovations to focus on increasing the sustainability of materials used, refining their properties through nanotechnology, and further personalizing dental care through digital workflows, setting a new standard in the interdisciplinary approach of modern dentistry.

The escalating accumulation of toxic wastes and biowastes constitutes a critical environmental crisis that demands immediate and effective solutions. Traditional waste treatment methods, predominantly chemical and physical, are increasingly viewed as unsustainable, burdened by high operational costs and the risk of generating secondary pollutants. Against this backdrop, bioremediation emerges as a crucial and sustainable alternative, utilizing the natural detoxifying capabilities of microorganisms. This review article focuses on the use of fungal and bacterial strategies in bioremediation, emphasizing their vital role in the degradation, stabilization, or detoxification of pollutants. We provide an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which fungi and bacteria break down various contaminants, presenting a current snapshot of the field’s state of knowledge. The article highlights recent innovative advancements that improve the effectiveness and expand the applicability of bioremediation technologies. Moreover, it discusses the practical challenges of scaling these solutions to meet global environmental needs and suggests directions for future research and implementation. This synthesis not only underscores the significance of microbial bioremediation in addressing pressing environmental problems but also acts as a call to action for continued innovation in the sustainable management of hazardous wastes.